Tag: accountancy

Computer scientists are exploring the possibility of culturing bacteria to create living chips which have digital electronic properties. these chips called Biochips.

A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and speed. Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail. Like a computer chip that can perform millions of mathematical operations in one second, a biochip can perform thousands of biological reactions, such as decoding genes, in a few seconds.

A biochip is a miniaturized laboratory capable of performing thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions. It is a collection of micro-test sites or microarrays which are arranged on the surface of a solid substrate and it is meant to perform multiple tests at the same time to achieve greater speed and throughput.

A biochip is much like a computer chip but instead of performing a multitude of mathematical operations per second, it performs biological reactions such as decoding genes and finding contaminations in a few seconds.

A modern digital computer has Extremely high speed, Large memory and Almost unlimited accuracy.

In computer science, a digital electronic computer is a computer machine which is both an electronic computer and a digital computer. Examples of a digital electronic computers include the IBM PC, the Apple Macintosh as well as modern smartphones.

The ALU performs the arithmetic and logic algorithms selected to process the incoming data at extremely high speeds—in many cases in nanoseconds (billionths of a second). The main memory, control unit, and ALU together make up the central processing unit (CPU) of most digital computer systems, while the input-output devices and auxiliary storage units constitute peripheral equipment.

Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to the central processing unit via a memory bus. ... Hence, non-volatile primary storage containing a small startup program (BIOS) is used to bootstrap the computer, that is, to read a larger program from non-volatile secondary storage to RAM and start to execute it.

IBM 7000 digital computer Has modular constructions.

Examples of modular systems are cars, computers, process systems, solar panels and wind turbines, elevators and modular buildings. ... Modular design is an attempt to combine the advantages of standardization (high volume normally equals low manufacturing costs) with those of customization.

A modular PC is a computer that has individually-housed components, which are interconnected but separately removable for service or upgrading. ... The Xi3 Piston is an extremely compact and power-efficient gaming computer.

The IBM 700/7000 series is a series of large-scale (mainframe) computer systems that were made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s. The series includes several different, incompatible processor architectures. The 700s use vacuum tube logic and were made obsolete by the introduction of the transistorized 7000s. The 7000s, in turn, were eventually replaced by System/360, which was announced in 1964.

IBM 7000 digital computer Has modular construction.

The IBM 700/7000 series is a series of large-scale (mainframe) computer systems that were made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s. The series includes several different, incompatible processor architectures. The 700s use vacuum tube logic and were made obsolete by the introduction of the transistorized 7000s. The 7000s, in turn, were eventually replaced by System/360, which was announced in 1964. However the 360/65, the first 360 powerful enough to replace 7000s, did not become available until November 1965. Early problems with OS/360 and the high cost of converting software kept many 7000s in service for years afterward.

The earliest device that qualifies as a digital computer is Abacus

The history of computing hardware covers the developments from early simple devices to aid calculation to modern day computers. Before the 20th century, most calculations were done by humans. Early mechanical tools to help humans with digital calculations, such as the abacus, were called "calculating machines", called by proprietary names, or referred to as calculators. The machine operator was called the computer.

1,00,00,00,000 operations per second can perform by a modern fast mainframe digital computer.

Under ideal circumstances, a high-end desktop x86 processor can execute over 100 billion instructions per second. In real world usage scenarios, however, the CPU is often stuck waiting for other components to answer back, mostly RAM and disk.

Clock Speeds are usually determined in MHz, 1 MHz representing 1 million cycles per second, or in GHz, 1 GHz representing 1 thousand million cycles per second. The higher the CPU speed, the better a computer will perform, in a general sense.

In digital computer, all the expressions are coded into Binary digits.

Binary in Digital Computers and Electronic Devices. Numbers can be encoded in binary format and stored using switches. ... In a computer, switches are implemented using transistors. The smallest memory configuration is the bit, which can be implemented with one switch.

Binary is a mathematical number system: a way of counting. We have all learned to count using ten digits: 0-9. One probable reason is that we have ten fingers to represent numbers. The computer has switches to represent data and switches have only two states: ON and OFF.

Then binary numbers are commonly used in digital and computer circuits and are represented by either a logic “0” or a logic “1”. Binary numbering systems are best suited to the digital signal coding of binary, as it uses only two digits, one and zero, to form different figures.

In analog computer Input is never converted to digital form.

An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computer that uses the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved. ... Analog computers can have a very wide range of complexity.

An analog computers, works by measuring voltages and currents rather than by the process of counting. An analog computers works on supply of continuous electrical signals and display outputs continuously. Side rule is an example analog device in which numbered as expressed as distances.

A machine associated with card-based data processing is Collator

Sorting refers to the process of putting a set of data in a specified order, while collating refers to the process of comparing two strings to determine which is “greater”, or if they are equal. ... Sorting, in turn, is needed to allow other kinds of processing to occur.

In analog computer Input is never converted to digital form.

A device that processes infinitely varying signals, such as voltage or frequencies. A thermometer is a simple analog computer. ... Although special-purpose, complex analog computers are built, almost all computers are digital. Digital methods provide programming flexibility.

An analog computer is a computer which is used to process analog data. Analog computers store data in a continuous form of physical quantities and perform calculations with the help of measures. It is quite different from the digital computer, which makes use of symbolic numbers to represent results.