Tag: breathing for energy

Questions Related to breathing for energy

Which of the following is incorrect about glycolysis?

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Glycolysis converts a single molecule into two molecules of pyruvate.

  2. Glycolysis can produce a net total of 2 ATP for each glucose.

  3. The end product of glycolysis can form ethanol, lactate, or acetyl CoA.

  4. During glycolysis $FADH _{2}$ is produced.

  5. During glycolysis, NADH is produced.

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Correct Option: D

Site of glycolysis/EMP is

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Chloroplast

  2. Chromosome

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Nucleus

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cellular respiration is stepwise catabolic process that breaks down organic substrates to release energy. The first step in respiration is glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm of the living cell. Krebs' cycle and ETS occurs in mitochondria of the cell. So, the answer is 'Cytoplasm'.

In animal cells, the first stage of glucose breakdown is

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Krebs cycle

  2. Glycolysis

  3. Oxidative phosphorylation

  4. Electron transport chain

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cellular respiration is a complex process that involves multiple pathways. The first step is the glycolysis of glucose which is then followed by Krebs' cycle and ETS in the end. The end products of respiration is CO$ _2$ and H$ _2$O along with release of energy in the form of ATP. Glucose breakdown first starts with glycolysis.

So, the answer is 'Glycolysis'.

Glycolysis is conversion of

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Glucose to glycogen

  2. Glycogen to glucose

  3. Glucose to pyruvic acid

  4. Glucose to citric acid

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The first step of cellular respiration is the process of glycolysis, a process in which there is breakdown of an organic substance like glucose to pyruvic acid. There is stepwise oxidation of the substrate with the release of energy.

So, the correct answer is 'Glucose to pyruvic acid.'

Glycolysis

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Occurs in mitochondria.

  2. Has no connection with ETC.

  3. Reduces 2 molecules of NAD$^+$ per glucose.

  4. Produces no ATP.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In glycolysis, glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid in a multi-step process catalyzed by various enzymes. In which 2 ATP molecules are obtained and NAD$^+$ into 2 molecules NADH when 2 moles of 1,3-diphosphoglyceraldehyde converts into two moles of 1,3 diphosphoglyceric acid.

So the correct option is 'Reduces 2 molecules of NAD+ per glucose.'.

The energy releasing metabolic process in which substrate is oxidised without an external electron acceptor is

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Fermentation

  2. Aerobic respiration

  3. Photorespiration

  4. Glycolysis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cellular respiration aims at producing energy in the form of ATP and occurs in every living cell. The respiration starts with glycolysis, a stepwise process that oxidises respiratory substrate like glucose. Oxidation is in the form of removal of hydrogen and there is no external electron acceptor present.

So the answer is 'Glycolysis'.

Which of the following is formed from phosphorylation?

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

  2. Phosphoglyceric acid

  3. PEP

  4. Pyruvic acid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule.

During the glycolysis in the 3rd step, Fructose-6-phosphate is converted into Fructose1,6- bisphosphate. Here one ATP is consumed and converted to ADP as the phosphate group gets attached to the fructose. Here the enzyme used is phosphofructokinase.
So, the correct option is 'Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate'

The other name of glycolysis is

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. EMP-pathway

  2. TCA-pathway

  3. HMS-pathway

  4. Carbon-pathway.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Glycolysis is also known as EMP pathway on the name of the scientist who discovered it and they were Embden, Mayerhoff and Parnas.

So, the correct option is 'EMP pathway'

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they are shifted from an environment containing $O _{2}$ to an anaerobic environment, they must

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. Produce more ATP per mole of glucose during glycolysis

  2. Produce ATP during oxidation of glucose

  3. Increase the rate of glycolysis

  4. Increase the rate of TCA cycle

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they are shifted from an environment containing O2 to an anaerobic environment, they must increase the rate of glycolysis. Although the amount of ATP produced by anaerobic glycolysis (2) is very less as compared to ATP produced by aerobic glycolysis (38), glycolysis under anaerobic condition is very quick process. It generates ATP very quickly. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Increase the rate of glycolysis.'

In an eukaryotic cell, glycolysis takes place

parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

  1. In the cytoplasm

  2. Within mitochondrion

  3. On rough ER

  4. Within grana

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Glycolysis is the splitting of glucose into two pyruvate molecules. It occurs firstly in the cytoplasm and gains a small amount of energy while the other steps occur in the mitochondria where coenzymes and cytochromes are present, it is also the powerhouse of a cell where energy is generated.

So, the correct option is ' in the cytoplasm'.