Tag: coordination and response

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment. Homeostasis is maintained by the hypothalamus with the help of negative feedback loops that counteract changes of many characteristics from their set points. For example, when there is a rise in body temperature a negative feedback loop will bring it back to normal towards the set point of 37.5$^o$ C. Hence homeostasis is necessary for the well-being of individual cells and of the entire body. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Our body needs to maintain a 37°C to function properly. If it drops it could damage our organs or brain, so to stop this happening, our body strictly regulates temperature. Shivering is an involuntary pattern of repetitive, rhythmic muscle contractions. This twitching exercise produces heat, which helps to raise body temperature. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Diencephalon consists of thalamus and hypothalamus. Thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory impulses as well as integration centre for recognition of pain, temperature and hard touch. The thermostat centre for temperature control is present in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus maintains the constant human body temperature by regulation of the diameter of blood vessels (constriction or dilation), shivering and sweating mechanisms. The pituitary gland is also known as hypophysis. The pituitary gland is mainly concerned with growth and development of organism via its growth hormone and with the regulation of secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands via its tropic hormones. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

• Homeothermy or homeothermy is thermoregulation that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of external influence.
• Hypothalamus is the built-in thermostat present in the homeothermic animal's body.
• The hypothalamus controls the body's responses to the outside temperature. When you get hot, you sweat.
  
• Hence Animals with built-in thermostat are Homeothermic.
• So,  the correct answer is 'Homeothermic'.

A.Thyroid hormones derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

B. testosterone is derived from cholesterol 

C.Glucagon is derived from proglucagon

D. Epinephrine,derived from the amino acid tyrosine, 

Hormonal control and coordination are carried out via transmission through blood and lymph as it serves as a media for carrying and circulating hormones. However, the transmission may not be very quick. while the response is slow and widespread.

The activities of the gastrointestinal tract are under the control of the nervous system and hormones. The sight, smell and/or the presence of food in the oral cavity can stimulate the secretion of saliva. Similarly, gastric and intestinal secretions are also stimulated by neural signals. The muscular activities of different parts of the alimentary canal can also be moderated by neural mechanisms (both local and through CNS). Hormonal control of the secretion of digestive juices is carried out by local hormones produced by the gastric and intestinal mucosa.

• Endotherms are animals which use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature. For example, birds and mammals.
• When an endotherms body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors send information to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus will send out signals that cause the organism to seek a warmer climate.
  
• For example, when human body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors present in our body send signals to the hypothalamus. Then the hypothalamus will send out signals that cause us to seek a warmer climate.
• So, the correct answer is 'The organism to seek warmer climate'.