Tag: evs - i

Forests have following important types of function-

1. Productive functions- forests provide a number of articles of economic use e.g., wood, resins, alkaloids, medicines etc.
2. Protective functions- forest provide protection from radiation, heat, noise, besides providing protection against pollution and soil erosion, maintaining food chains and webs and thus maintaining ecological balance.
3. Regulative functions- forests helps maintain ecological balance by participating in biogeochemical cycles, checking flood and droughts etc. 

Joint forest management or JFM is a programme launched by Government of India in 1988 and guidelines issued in 1990. It aims at establishing partnership between local communities and state forest departments. It is practised in 10.25 million hectares of degraded forests through 36,075 village forest protection committees. It is useful to local and tribal people as they become partners in conservation of forests.

Wildlife is an exhaustible natural resource. They are present in limited numbers and some are already extinct. 

The 'United Nations Conference on Environment and Development' (UNCED), also known as the 'Rio Summit', was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.

Sacred groves of India are forest fragments of varying sizes, which are communally protected, and which usually have a significant religious connotation for the protecting community. Hunting and logging are usually strictly prohibited within these patches. Other forms of forest usage like honey collection and deadwood collection are sometimes allowed on a sustainable basis. Traditionally, and in some cases even today, members of the community take turns to protect the grove. 

The Sundarbans is a natural region in West Bengal and Bangladesh. It is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The Sundarbans covers approximately 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) of which 60 percent is in Bangladesh with the remainder in India. The Sundarbans is a UNESCO world heritage site.

Tropical rainforests of India are found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Western Ghats, which fringe the Arabian Sea, the coastline of peninsular India, and the greater Assam region in the north-east.

The 'National Environmental Engineering Research Institute' (NEERI), Nagpur was established in 1958 as 'Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute' (CPHERI). Mrs Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, renamed the Institute as 'National Environmental Engineering Research Institute' (NEERI) in the year 1974. 'National Environmental Engineering Research Institute' (NEERI), is devoted to research and innovations in environmental science and engineering, besides solving a range of problems posed by industry, government and public.

Conservation is the act of protecting and preserving the natural resources or biodiversity from being depleted by taking proper resource management measures. This helps in minimizing the destruction of our natural resources like cutting of trees or deforestation.

Biogas is produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage or food waste. It is a clean and renewable gas. It burns without any smoke.