Tag: evs - i

• Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the measles virus. Symptoms include fever, often greater than 40 °C, cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of infected people.
  
• Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Symptoms include a sore throat and fever. In severe cases, a grey or white patch develops in the throat. Diphtheria is usually spread between people by direct contact or through the air (droplet).
  
• Pertussis, commonly known as a Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disease. Symptoms include a runny nose, fever, and cough. Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person.
• Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Symptoms include burning with urination, discharge from the penis, or testicular pain. Women may have burning with urination, vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods, or pelvic pain. Hence, it is not transmitted by droplets.

• Droplet infection is an infection transmitted from one individual to another by droplets of moisture expelled from the upper respiratory tract through sneezing or coughing.
• Pneumonia is an inflammation of the parenchyma of the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• Symptoms include a cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing.
• The bacteria that are commonly found in the nose or throat, can infect the lungs if they are inhaled. They may also spread via airborne droplets from a cough or sneeze.
• So, the correct answer is '.Pneumonia ,Streptococcus pnemoniae,Droplet infection'.

Vectors are the organisms, which carries the infectious agents from sick person to another healthy person. For example, mosquito carries malarial parasite from infected person to healthy person. Therefore, option A is correct.

Wuchereria bancrofti is a human parasitic roundworm that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. W. bancrofti carries out its lifecycle in two hosts. Humans serve as the definitive host and mosquitos as the intermediate host or vector. The microfilariae are transferred into a vector i.e., female Culex mosquito. Hence, female Culex act as a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti.

• Meningitis is the Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes, typically caused by an infection.
• If the meningitis is caused by bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, it is called as Meningococcal meningitis.
• Symptoms include pain in sudden high fever, severe persistent headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting, joint pains, drowsiness, confusion, etc.
• People spread meningococcal bacteria to other people by sharing respiratory and throat secretions (saliva or spit) when they cough or sneezes.
  
• Hence Meningococcal meningitis infection is transmitted chiefly from person to person.
• So, the correct answer is 'Meningococcal meningitis.

When children play barefoot in pools of dirty water and flood water, they may suffer from Leptospirosis and bilharzia. 

Disease causing microbes can spread through the air. This occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected person who sheezes or coughs. Another person standing close by can breathe in these droplets and the microbes infect him also. Diseases which spread like this are common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis.