Tag: observing space: telescopes

Questions Related to observing space: telescopes

An electromagnetic wave of frequency $\upsilon = 3$ MHz passes from a vacuum into a dielectric medium with permittivity $ = 4$, Then

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. Wavelength and frequency both become half.

  2. Wavelength is doubled and frequency remains unchanged.

  3. Wavelength and frequency both remains unchanged.

  4. Wavelength is halfved and frequency remains unchanged.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Frequency remains constant during refraction.

$v _{med}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\mu _0 \epsilon _0 *4}}$=$\dfrac{c}{2}$

$\dfrac {\lambda _{med}}{\lambda _{air}} = \dfrac{v _{med}}{v _{air}}$

= $\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{2}}{c}$ =$\dfrac{1}{2}$
​$\therefore$ wavelength is halved and frequency remains unchanged.

A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 50 MHz travels in free space along the x-direction . At a particular point in space and time, $\overrightarrow { E } $ = 6.3 $\hat j$ V ${m}^{-1}$. At this point $\overrightarrow { B } $ is equal to

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. $8.33\ \times { 10 }^{ -8 }\hat { k }\ T$

  2. $18.9\ \times { 10 }^{ -8 }\hat { k }\ T$

  3. $4.1\ \times { 10 }^{ -8 }\hat { k }\ T$

  4. $2.1\ \times { 10 }^{ -8 }\hat { k }\ T$

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Given: The Electric field intensity due to electromagnetic waves is, $E _0=6.3\ V/m$

To find: The direction and intensity of the magnetic field of Electromagnetic wave.

The magnetic field intensity due to the wave is given by
$B _0=\dfrac{E _0}{C}$

$\Rightarrow B _0=\dfrac{6.3}{3\times 10^8}=2.1\times 10^{-8}$ Tesla

Since the propagation of the wave is along $\hat i$ (X-direction) and the electric field vector is along $\hat j$, the magnetic field of the wave should lie perpendicular to both the direction of propagation and direction of electric field.

So, $\vec B$ should be along $\vec k$ such that $\vec E\times \vec B$ should give $\hat i$ ( propagation in X-direction).

$\Rightarrow \vec B=B _0\hat k$
$\vec B=2.1\times 10^{-8}\ T\ \hat k$

Which one of the following is a property of a monochromatic, plane electromagnetic wave in free space?

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. Electric and magnetic fields have a phase difference of ${\pi}/{2}$

  2. The energy contribution of both electric and magnetic fields are equal

  3. The direction of propagation is in the direction of $\overline { B } \times \overline { E } $

  4. The pressure exerted by the wave is the product of its speed and energy density.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The energy contribution of both electric and magnetic fields are equal, Energy density is written as $E=\dfrac 12\epsilon _0E^2=\dfrac{B^2}{2 \mu _0}$

And the direction of propagation of wave is written as $\hat V= \hat E\times \hat B$
Option B

The ultra high frequency band of radiowaves in electromagnetic waves is used as in

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. Television waves

  2. Cellular phone communication

  3. Commercial FM radio

  4. Both (b) and (c)

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Radio Waves
  • Radio waves are usually in the frequency range from $500\ kHz$ to $1000\ MHz$.
  • TV waves range from $54\ MHz$ to $890\ MHz$.
  • The FM (frequency modulated) radio band is from $88\ MHz$ to $108\ MHz$.
  • Cellular phones also use radio waves to transmit voice communication in an ultra-high frequency $(UHF)$ band.
As given in last point radio waves are used in cellular phone communication. 

Which of the following electromagnetic wave play an important role in maintaining the earths warmth or average temperature through the green house effect?

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. Visible rays

  2. Infrared rays

  3. Gamma rays

  4. Ultraviolet rays

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Infrared radiation plays an important role in maintaining the earth's warmth or average temperature through the greenhouse effect. It is the part of the spectrum that is detected by the human eyedetected by the human eye.

A plane electromagnetic wave travels in free space along X-direction. If the value of $\overrightarrow { B } $ (in tesla) at a particular point in space and time is $1.2 \times {10}^{-8} \hat {k}$, the value of $\overrightarrow { E } $ (in V ${m}^{-1}$) at that point is,

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. $1.2\ \hat {j}$

  2. $3.6\ \hat {k}$

  3. $1.2\ \hat {k}$

  4. $3.6\ \hat {j}$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Given: The magnetic field of the plane electromagnetic wave is $1.2×10^{-8} \hat k\ T$
The direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave is along X-direction.

The magnitude of  $\vec E$ is given by:
$E\, = \, B\cdot c\\ \ \ \ \ = (1.2 \, \times \, 10^{-8} T)(3 \, \times \, 10^{-8} m \,  s^{-1})\\ \ \ \ \ = 3.6 \,  V/m$

Since the magnetic field is along $Z-$ direction and the wave propagates along $X -$ direction. Therefore $\vec E$  should be in a direction perpendicular to both $X$ and $Z$ axes.

Using vector algebra  should be along X-direction.

Since $(+\hat j) \times (\hat k )= \hat i$

$\vec E$ is along the $Y-$direction.
Thus,  $\vec E= 3.6\hat j\ Vm^{-1}$

The electromagnetic wave travel in free space with the velocity of 

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. Sound

  2. Light

  3. Greater than that of light

  4. Greater than that of sound

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light ($3 \times 10^8\ m/s$) in vacuum.

The waves that are propagated by simultaneous periodic variations of electric and magnetic field intensity known as:

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. Transverse wave

  2. Longitudinal wave

  3. Electromagnetic wave

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Maxwell predicted that an accelerated charge produces a sinusoidal time varying magnetic field, which in turn produces a sinusoidal time varying electric field. These two fields are mutually perpendicular to each other and sources of each other. They (fields) form an electromagnetic wave i.e. the wave that is propagated by simultaneous periodic variations of electric field and magnetic field intensity.

Select wrong statement from the following:
Electromagnetic waves

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. are transverse

  2. travel with same speed in all media

  3. travel with the speed of light

  4. are produced by accelerating charge

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Electromagnetic waves are transverse and do not need a material medium to travel. 
The speed of all electromagnetic waves is equal to the speed of light. In fact this let to the conclusion that light is an electromagnetic wave.

Accelerating charge particles produce electromagnetic waves.
However the speed of electromagnetic waves changes with media as 
$v=\dfrac{c}{n}$
where n is the refractive index of the given medium.

Electromagnetic waves do not transport

the nature of electromagnetic waves space exploration and forms of light observing space: telescopes electromagnetic waves physics

  1. energy

  2. charge

  3. momentum

  4. information

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Waves carry energy.

Since it carries energy, it must have some momentum, which is given as
$p=\dfrac{h}{c}$
Energy is a form of information. Hence it is carried by a wave.