Tag: the age of adolescence

Questions Related to the age of adolescence

Decreased level of estrogen is common cause of 

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Myasthenia gravis

  2. Tetany

  3. Osteoporosis

  4. Gout

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become weak and brittle due to dissolution of calcium. Due to oestrogen deficiency, osteoclasts i.e. cells that breakdown bones, stay for longer period of time in body and hence cause dissolution of calcium from the bones. Due to this, bones become weak and fragile. After menopause, oestrogen secretion is decreased in females which leads to osteoporosis.
So, the correct answer is 'Osteoporosis'.

In uterus, endometrium proliferates in response to

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Relaxin

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Progesterone

  4. Oestrogen

  5. LH

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The FSH stimulates the follicle cells to secrete estrogen a female sex organ.

It stimulates the uterus to prepare for the implantation and nourishment of the foetus likely to arrive after ovulation. The wall of the uterus, relatively thin in the beginning of the cycle, progressively becomes thick by greater development of its smooth muscle layer, the myometrium, and proliferation of its epithelial lining, the endometrium.
So, the correct answer is 'Oestrogen'.

Which one controls the secretion of estrogen?

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. hCG

  2. Progesterone

  3. LH

  4. FSH

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) is secreted from placenta and maintains corpus luteum. 
B. Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
C. Luteinizing hormone or LH stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females. In males this hormone is called interstitial cell stimulating hormone or ICSH and affects the Leydig cells of testes.
D. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior part of pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females.
Estrogen is a female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles which are influenced by FSH.
So, the correct answer is 'FSH'.

The failure of estrogens results in eunuchoidism.

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

female eunuchoidism is the case in which the ovaries fail to function at puberty, resulting in infertility, the absence of development of secondary sex characteristics, infantile sexual organs, and excessive growth of the long bones. This is caused by the reduced amount of estrogens or inability of receptors for estrogens to respond. 

So, the correct option is 'True'.

State whether the following statements are true or false .
In primates, the condition of the failure of testes to descend in the scrotal sac is known as cryptorchidism.

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Cryptorchidism occurs when one or both of the testicles do not descend into the scrotum while the fetus is developing. Undescended testicles may be palpable or unpalpable. Palpable means that a doctor will be able to feel the undescended testicle during a physical examination. About 80 per cent of undescended testicles is palpable. The testicle is usually located at the end of the inguinal canal, a channel that carries the spermatic cord towards the penis and scrotum.
So the correct option is 'True'.

A decrease in level of oestrogen and progesterone causes

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Loss of endometrium

  2. Growth of dilation of endometrium

  3. Release of ova from ovaries

  4. Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Estrogen:  a group of sex hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics in the human body.
  • Progesterone:  endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans. It is often called as the "pregnancy hormone".
Oestrogen and progesterone hormones mainly help to maintain pregnancy. A decreased level of both the hormone causes constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of the endometrium or uterine epithelium in the menstrual period.

So, the correct answer is "Constriction of uterine blood vessels leading to sloughing of uterine epithelium".

Decreased levels of estrogen is a common cause for

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. myasthenia gravis

  2. tetany

  3. osteoporosis

  4. gout

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Estrogen protects bones, so if one has low estrogen level, she is more at risk for developing osteoporosis.
So, the correct option is 'Osteoporosis'.

The female hormone that causes deposition of fat in the breast, and hips and the growth of pubic hairs during puberty is

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Estrogen

  2. Progesterone

  3. Luteinizing hormone

  4. Follicle-stimulating hormone

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Estrogens are responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics during puberty, including breast development, widening of the hips, and female fat distribution. Estrogen, in conjunction with growth hormone and its secretory product insulin-like growth factor 1  is critical in mediating breast development during puberty.

So the correct option is 'estrogen'.

Ovulation is controlled mainly by .............. hormone.

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Estrogen

  2. Progesterone

  3.  Luteinizing hormone

  4. Prolactin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In humans, this event occurs when the ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells.
  • The process of ovulation is controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain and through the release of hormones secreted in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
  • Hence Ovulation is controlled mainly by luteinizing hormone.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Luteinizing hormone'.

Osteoporosis, an age related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to 

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Accumulation of uric acid 

  2. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction

  3. High concentration of Ca$^{2+}$ and Na$^+$

  4. Decreased level of oestrogen

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Accumulation of uric acid leads to gout. It is a form of arthritis in which there is severe pain, redness and tenderness in joints.
B. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leads to myasthenia gravis. It is a neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles which are under control.
C. High concentration of calcium and sodium which leads to hypercalcemia and hypernatremia.
D. Decreased level of estrogen leads to osteoporosis. In this bones become weak and brittle. 
So, the correct answer is 'Decreased level of estrogen'.