Tag: interdependence of organism and the environment

In a strenuous workout, the oxygen supply to the body tissues is not received completely. To produce the necessary energy in the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate molecule at the end of glycolysis is utilised in fermentation to produce lactic acid.

• Rhizobium is a nitrogen fixation bacteria found in soil.
• Penicillium is an antibiotic used for making medicines and antibiotics.

Pyruvate is the output of glycolysis where one molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate. Anaerobically, pyruvic acid is broken down to form lactate in animals and ethanol  in plants and microorganisms. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetaldehyde and then ethanol and carbon dioxide. Ethanol fermentation which is a biological process of converting sugars to cellular energy is performed by yeasts in the absence of oxygen. hence this is considered as a anaerobic process. 

Detrivores are those animals which obtain their nourishment by consuming decomposing plant and animal parts. Earthworms decompose the organic matter of soil thus aerating it which is then used by farmers as fertilizers. Thus it improves the fertility of soil making it more porous. 

Decomposers are saprotrophs which decompose the organic remains by secreting extracellular digestive enzymes. Due to degradation of organic remains, decomposers are also called reducers. They are also known as mineralisers as they release minerals trapped in organic remains. Bacteria and fungi, in general microorganisms, are usually detrivores that feed on dead and decaying organic matter and act as decomposers.

Decomposers are organisms feeding on dead remains of plants and animals and excreta of animals. Decomposers are saprotrophs, which decompose the organic remains by secreting extracellular digestive enzymes. Due to degradation of organic remains, decomposers are also called as reducers. They are also known as mineralizers, as they release minerals trapped in organic remains.

• The food chain starts with energy from the sun, which is captured by plants and converted into fuel through photosynthesis. 
• Primary consumers eat plants, and secondary and tertiary consumers feed on primary consumers. At the end of the chain, a group of micro-organisms called as decomposers carry out natural process of decomposition and form the final link in the food chain. They break down dead animals and plants and return vital nutrients to the soil.
• So, option D is correct here.

Decomposers are heterotrophs feeding on the dead and decaying matter. More specifically decomposers are saprotrophs, which decompose the organic remains by secreting extracellular digestive enzymes. Due to degradation of organic remains, decomposers are also called as reducers. They are also known as mineralizers, as they release mineral trapped in organic remains.