Tag: civics

The founding president of Ghadar Party was Sohan Singh Bhakna. The aim of the party was to rid of the colonial super-power by means of an armed struggle and to set up a national democratic government on the sub-continent. The party was multi-ethnic and had Hindu, Sikh and Muslim leaders with its headquarters San Francisco.

Anusheelan Samiti was a secret revolutionary society formed by Pramathanath Mitra. It challenged the British rule in India by engaging in militant nationalism including bombings, assassinations, and politically-motivated violence. Some of its members were Sri Aurobindo , Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Bagha Jatin, Barindra Ghosh etc.

The Swadeshi movement was in protest of the Government’s decision to partition Bengal had been made public in July 1905. It called for boycott of all British goods and buy Indian products only. The initial protest was Boycott and later it became Swadeshi. It involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes. 

Boycott movement meant 'abstaining from the purchase of British goods'. Gradually it became more comprehensive and a four-fold programme of boycott was advocated. Boycott included:

• Boycott of English cloths, salt, sugar
• Rejection of English speech
• Rejection of government posts and seat in Legislative Council
• Social boycott of people who purchased foreign goods

Indians helped the British to develop their colonies in other parts of the World. But everywhere, especially in South Africa, Indians were subjected to racial discrimination.

The number of educated Indians increased considerably by the close of the 19th century. Large numbers of them were employed in the British administration in India on low salaries.

The Assertive Nationalist leaders taught the people that the remedy to their sad condition lay in their own hands. This belief in self-efforts created an urge for extending the national movement to the masses.