Tag: life processes in living organisms- part 1

Questions Related to life processes in living organisms- part 1

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available.

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. True

  2. False

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When oxygen is not available to cells due to rapid metabolism without recovery, instant energy is produced by Fermentation but in fewer amounts.

The pyruvate formed is converted into lactic acid during fermentation in the absence of oxygen.
So, the correct statement is 'Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available.'.

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
Which of these pairs of processes are anaerobic?

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Fermentation and glycolysis

  2. Fermentation and the Krebs cycle

  3. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

  4. The Krebs cycle and the electron transport system

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Respiration is of two types -

Aerobic respiration - It is the process of complete oxidation of organic foods into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen. it has three steps ;
  • Glycolysis - It occurs in the cytoplasm in which glucose breaks into two molecules of pyruvate. It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
  • Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria where oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate takes place to form acetyl CoA.
  • Electron transport system - Here series of coenzymes and cytochromes acts as a passage of electron.
Anaerobic respiration - It is the process of incomplete oxidation of organic foods. oxygen is not utilized in this process, this occurs in the process of fermentation.
So, the correct option is ' Fermentation and glycolysis'.

RQ in anaerobic respiration is?

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. $0.7$

  2. $0.9$

  3. Unity

  4. Infinity

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

During aerobic respiration, oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is released. The ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide given out to the volume of oxygen absorbed in respiration, i.e., CO$ _2$/O$ _2$ is called respiratory quotient (RQ) or respiratory ratio.  in anaerobic respiration, CO2 is evolved but O2 is not consumed, and therefore RQ is infinite (∞).

Equation is as follows:                                               
                            C$ _6$H$ _12$O$ _6$ $\rightarrow$ 2C$ _2$H$ _5$OH + 2CO$ _2$ + energy
RQ CO$ _2$/O$ _2$ = 2/0 = infinity

So the correct option is 'infinity'.

Anaerobic respiration following glycolysis is

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Oxidative phosphorylation

  2. Krebs cycle

  3. Fermentation

  4. Both A and B

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Following glycolysis, if the oxygen is available, end products of glycolysis directly enter Krebs' cycle for further oxidation and energy production. In anaerobic conditions, it chooses to get fermented and the end product is another organic substance which is incompletely oxidised, producing less energy.

So, the correct answer is 'Fermentation'.

Which of the following is correct about fermentation?

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Bread gets fermented due to formation of lactic acid.

  2. Pulled up appearance of dough is due to production of $CO _2$

  3. Fermentation in muscles produces alcohol

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

During the process of fermentation in the dough, the bacteria and yeast, convert carbohydrates to carbon dioxide resulting in the formation of gas bubbles. The gas bubbles expand inside the dough making it appear larger, which is called leavening. 

So the correct option is 'Pulled up appearance of dough is due to production of $CO _2$'  

Which of the following describes the significance of fermentation?
(i) Production of alcohol in the brewing industry
(ii) Making of dough in the baking industry
(iii) Curing of tea and tobacco
(iv) Production of vinegar by acetic acid bacteria
biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. (i),(ii) and (iii)

  2. (i),(ii) and (iv)

  3. (i),(iii) and (iv)

  4. (i),(ii),(iii) and (iv)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Alcoholic fermentation is used in the brewing industry for the production of various types of beer, whiskey and other wines. 
Carbon dioxide of alcoholic fermentation is used in the baking industry for making the bread spongy. 
Tea and tobacco leaves are curved (or removed of their bitterness) and provided with a fine flavor through fermentation. Vinegar is obtained by the fermentation activity of acetic acid bacteria.
So the correct answer is '(i),(ii),(iii) and (iv)'.

Anaerobic respiration is

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Complete oxidation

  2. Incomplete oxidation

  3. Anabolic reaction

  4. Fermentation

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The process of fermentation is the form of anaerobic respiration carried by some microorganisms. Many microorganisms such as fungus and bacteria can grow and flourish in the complete absence of oxygen. Such microorganisms can utilize sugars to convert it into ethanol and evolve carbon dioxide. Since it is the incomplete breakdown of glucose, it yields small amount of energy which is sufficient to maintain the life of organisms like yeast and bacteria. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Fermentation'.

The term 'fermentation' was coined by

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Cruickshank

  2. Kostytchev

  3. Pasteur

  4. Buchner

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The process of fermentation is the form of anaerobic respiration carried by some microorganisms. Many microorganisms such as fungus and bacteria can grow and flourish in the complete absence of oxygen. Such microorganisms can utilize sugars to convert it into ethanol or other products and evolve carbon dioxide. Cruickshank used the term 'fermentation' for this process of anaerobic respiration by the microorganisms. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Ethyl alcohol or lactic acid is produced by the process of

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. Protein synthesis

  2. Respiration

  3. Digestion

  4. Photosynthesis

  5. Fermentation

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Correct Option: E

Fermentation by yeast produces

I. Carbon dioxide
II. Oxygen
III. Water
IV. Alcohol

biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

  1. I only

  2. I and II

  3. I, II and III

  4. I, III and IV

  5. I and IV

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fermentation is a metabolic process occurs in yeast and bacteria. It occurs in the absence of oxygen. The products produced by yeast includes carbon dioxide, water and ethanol. Glycolysis is the first step of fermentation pathways as well which produces pyruvate, however other steps Kreb's cycle etc. does not take place in the absence of oxygen. Hence option D is correct.

This process is extensively used in alcohol industry.