Tag: social studies

The First Prime Minister of Independent India Jawahar Lal Nehru also held the Post of Foreign Minister. He is the longest serving Foreign Minister of India with approximately 17 years of tenure.

The Constitution of India provides for a Secular State meaningly India has no particular religion as the official religion and it remains neutral in the affairs of religion or on other words each and every Religion gets equal status and support from the state. The term "secular" was added to the Preamble by 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.

The Motilal Nehru Report 1928 was a report by a committee headed by Pt. Motilal Nehru. This committee was created when Lord Birkenhead, Secretary of State of India asked the Indian leaders to draft a constitution for the country.

The Kesavananda Bharati judgment or His Holiness Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Anr. (case citation: (1973) 4 SCC 225) is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the basic structure doctrine of the Constitution.

The Constitution of India provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). Article 148 to Article 151 are the provisions in respect of CAG. He is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He is the guardian of the public purse and controls the entire financial system of the country at both the levels- the Centre and the State. 

The case of D.C. Wadhwa v. the State of Bihar is a fine example of the abuse of Ordinance-making power. In this case, the Bihar Governor promulgated 256 Ordinances and all of them were kept alive for period ranging from 1-14 years by re-promulgation from time to time. Out of 256, 69 were re-promulgated several times with the prior permission of the President. The Court, in this case, held that the colorable re-promulgation of ordinances is unconstitutional, as it amounts to fraud on the Constitution. 

In Keshvananda Bharti's case the Supreme Court explained that Directive Principles and fundamental rights together belonged to the basic structure of the Constitution. However, the Court did not outline the basis of what constituted the basic structure of the Constitution but merely reserved for itself the right to pronounce what constituted the basic structure. Justice Sikri tried to tabulate the basic feature of the Constitution as the supremacy of the Constitution, republican and democratic form of government, secular character, separation of power and federal character.

• The Preamble is an introduction to the Constitution which gives the insight or summary of the Constitution. The Indian judiciary has realised the significance of the preamble and declared it to be an integral part of the constitution. It contains the ideals and philosophy of the constitution.
• The Preamble is like an introduction or preface of a book. As an introduction, it is not a part of the contents but it explains the purposes and objectives with which the document has been written. So is the case with the Preamble to the Indian Constitution. As such the Preamble provides the guidelines of the Constitution.

Preamble is an introductory statement that states the source of authority, date of adoption, guiding principles, etc. Also, it specifies character and values like sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic, justice, liberty, equality, Preamble is based on the Objectives resolution drafted and moved by jawaharlal Nehru in 1946. It was originally present in the Constitution and wasn't added through 42nd CAA.