Tag: tundra climatic region

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), byname Earth Summit, was a conference held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 3–14, 1992), to reconcile worldwide economic development with protection of the environment

The Kigali Amendment under Montreal Protocol relating to the phase-down of the production and consumption of HFCs provided for Ambitious Phase-down. This phase down divided countries into groups one of which is that the developed countries were required to slash their use of HFCs by 10% by 2019.

Adilabad is the heavily forested district of Telengana state and it is located in the basin of Godavari river. It occupied an are of 4,153 square km. The main tribal groups in region are Gonds, Kolami, Pradhan and Thoti.

The government environmental policies are made to comprehensively check the degradation of land and water through wasteland management and to provide rules and guidelines to improve the same. Provide for programs and measures to improve the quality of river waters, and to monitor and supervise the development through Environmental Impact Assessment studies which comparatively show figures and data of work done, programs utilized and funds exhausted while drawing the attention of the government to certain neglected areas of the environment.

The Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete ozone layer is a landmark international agreement held under the aegis of United Nations for protection of stratospheric ozone layer. It was signed and finalized in 1987 and subsequently amended in 1990 and 1992. It stipulates phasing out the production of substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was ratified by almost all countries globally and came into force on 26 August 1987. 197 countries who were the member of UN ratified this protocol.

The Garo Hills are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India. They are inhabited mainly by tribal dwellers, the majority of whom are Garo people. It is one of the wettest places in the world. The range is part of the Meghalaya subtropical forests ecoregion. 

Environmental degradation is the process of polluting natural environment. Different methods are being followed to conserve nature. Some of them include:

(i) minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages 

(ii) harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements 

(iii) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases 

(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation. 

(b) Secondary treatment by the biological process.

(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater. 

Smoke emitted by chemical and paper factories, refineries etc., can be reduced by using Gas.

1. Mining activity is the main cause of environmental degradation.
2. Both legal and illegal mining activities has resulted in soil contamination, groundwater contamination, surface water contamination and loss of bio-diversity.
3. It also led to destruction of habitat and soil erosion.

Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers and water bodies causes water pollution.