Tag: reproductive health

At the start, the culture of E. coli has cell population of 1.5 X 10$^6$ cells/ml. After first generation, it will be doubled, that is 3 X 10$^6$ cells/ml. After second generation, it will be 6 X 10$^6$ cells/ml. After third generation, it will be 12 X 10$^6$ cells/ ml. It is given that for a cell population to increase from 1. 5 X 10$^6$ cells/ml to 12 X 10$^6$ cells/ml, it takes 36 minutes. It means, for 3 generation, it takes 36 minutes. So, its generation time is 36/3 = 12.

Through phosphorylation, Cdks signal the cell that it is ready to pass into the next stage of the cell cycle. As their name suggests, Cyclin-Dependent ProteinKinases are dependent on cyclins, another class of regulatory proteins. Cyclins bind to Cdks, activating the Cdks to phosphorylate other molecules.

So, the correct option is ‘binding to cyclin, plus, phosphorylation by Cdk activating protein kinases’.

The death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development is called apoptosis. In this endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, mitochondria, Golgi complex are involved.

So, the correct option is ‘ER, lysosome, mitochondria’. 

The cell progresses through defined phases of the cell cycle during its division.

A. Replication protein (RPA) - is the major protein that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells. ... During DNA replication, RPA prevents single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from winding back on itself or from forming secondary structures.

B. ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated ) protein

 It activates checkpoint signalling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor.

C.Cyclin D - a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. 

D.PSS - an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue. It is characterized by thickening of the skin caused by the accumulation of collagen, and by injuries to small arteries.

So, the correct option is ‘Replication protein A (RPA)’.

• Cyclin-dependent kinases, through phosphorylation,  signal the cell that it is ready to pass into the next stage of the cell cycle. As their name suggests, Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinases are dependent on cyclins, another class of regulatory proteins. Cyclins bind to Cdks, activating the Cdks to phosphorylate other molecules.

The cell cycle starts from interphase . Interphase is the phase in the cell cycle that prepare a cell and its nucleus for division. It has three stages- $G _1,S $ and $G _2$.M- phase is the final phase of cell cycle..It represent the phase of actual division. It consists of karyokinesis (division of nucleus ) and cytokinesis (division of cell protoplast).

The cell cycle starts from interphase . Interphase is the phase in the cell cycle that prepare a cell and its nucleus for division. It has three stages- $G _1,S $ and $G _2$.M- phase is the final phase of cell cycle..It represent the phase of actual division. It consists of karyokinesis (division of nucleus ) and cytokinesis (division of cell protoplast).