Tag: biotechnology and genetic engineering

Gamma rays are used for sterilization of pharmaceutical products after their production as to prevention the growth of any microorganism that may be present in the product. It is also used for sterlization of food product to kill any harmful bacteria or other organism that are present in the food, it won't make the food radioactive. Gamma rays act as a ionising radiation and it will inhibit the growth of microorganism. So it can be used to sterilize culture media. So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'

Hops used to provide a distinct flavour to beer are actually the flowers of Humulus lupulus

Aseptic culture means culture which takes place in the absence of harmful microbes or other contaminants. During tissue culture, the cells are kept under the aseptic condition to avoid contamination caused by microbes because the microbes inhibit the growth of the cell and utilize the nutrients provided for the plants in the media for their growth as they have the ability to multiply fast. The aseptic condition during culture can be maintained by the process of heating, fumigation of lab, autoclave apparatus before use, wiping the apparatus with alcohol, performing the experiment in the laminar air flow under HEPA filters. 

Zymase is the enzyme complex that catalyse the fermentation of sugar into ethanol and $CO _2$. It occur naturally in the yeast. Zymase activity varies as among the yeast strains.

It is important to boil surgical instruments before using them in an operation. It is done to kill all the pathogens which may be infecting the instruments. After the operation and surgery, the germs and pathogens are present on the instruments used during operation and surgery. So in order to kill those pathogens and bacterial cyst, the surgical instruments are boiled for 10 to 15 minutes. This will reduce the risk of transmission of disease from one person to another person.

Yeast is a fungal species that converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is responsible for the production of ethyl alcohol.

Making beer, wine, cheese, curd etc using microorganisms are classic methods of biotechnology I.e. using microbes for isolation. Of product of our use. While with advancement in technology, we have extended biotechnology to other purposes like Cleaning up oil spills, increasing soil fertility, obtaining minerals from mining etc.