Tag: ideal gases

Questions Related to ideal gases

Consider the following statements for air molecules in an air tight container.

modelling gases - the kinetic model ideal gases kinetic theory of gases physics

  1. the average speed of molecules is larger than root mean square speed.

  2. mean free path of molecules is larger than the mean distance between molecules

  3. mean free path of molecules increases with temperature.

  4. the rms speed of nitrogen molecules is smaller

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Correct Option: C

Gas exerts pressure on the walls of container because the molecules:

modelling gases - the kinetic model ideal gases kinetic theory of gases physics

  1. Are losing their Kinetic Energy

  2. Are getting stuck to the walls

  3. Are transferring their momentum to walls

  4. Are accelerated towards walls

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pressure is force per unit area

and force is nothing but the rate of change of momentum
When the molecules collide with wall their direction get changed so their momentum get changed and this difference
 in momentum after and before the collision is given to the walls so walls feel a force consequently Pressure.
Energy remains constant because collisions are supposed to be $elastic$
Option C is correct.

solids expand on heating because

modelling gases - the kinetic model ideal gases kinetic theory of gases physics

  1. Kinetic energy of the atoms increases

  2. Total energy of the atoms increases

  3. The potential energy curve is asymmetric atoms

  4. none of these

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Correct Option: A

Which of the following statements is NOT a correct assumption of the model of an ideal monatomic gas?

modelling gases - the kinetic model ideal gases kinetic theory of gases physics

  1. The atoms are constantly moving.

  2. The collision between atoms create pressure directly on the container of the gas.

  3. The collision between atoms are elastic.

  4. The only significant forces acting on the atoms are those that are applied as a result of collisions.

  5. The volume of each atom can be neglected.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pressure is created by the atom of the gas when the collide with the container. during collision the atoms apply force on the container wall. This force per unit area is the pressure of the gas.

When we heat a gas sample from $27^{\circ}$ and $327^{\circ}$, then the initial average kinetic energy of the molecules was $E$. What will be the average kinetic energy after heating?

modelling gases - the kinetic model ideal gases kinetic theory of gases physics

  1. $\sqrt{2}\ E$

  2. $2\ E$

  3. $300\ E$

  4. $327\ E$

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Correct Option: C

Gases exert pressure on the walls of the container because the gas molecules.

modelling gases - the kinetic model ideal gases kinetic theory of gases physics

  1. Have finite volume

  2. Obey Boyle's law

  3. Possess momentum

  4. Collide with one another

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Pressure exerted by the gas molecules on the walls of container is calculated by the no. of collisions on the wall.
What a collision on the wall do is they apply a force on the wall due to the change in momentum of molecules.
$\Rightarrow$ Pressure $=\dfrac{force}{Area}=\dfrac{dP}{Adt}$
Where $dP$ is change in momentum.
Hence, the answer is Possess momentum.

Solar radiation reaches the earths atmosphere at a rate of $1353 Wm^{-2}$. If 36% of this
radiation is reflected back into space and 18% is absorbed by the earths atmosphere. The
radiant emittance is given by $\sigma T^{4}$
 where $\sigma$ is the Stefan-Boltzmanns constant and T is the
absolute temperature. What maximum temperature would an isolated black body on the
earths surface be expected to attain?
$(\sigma  = 5.67 x10^{-8} Wm^{-2}K^{-4})$.

modelling gases - the kinetic model ideal gases kinetic theory of gases physics

  1. $120^{o}C$

  2. $63.9^{o}C$

  3. $50.7^{o}C$

  4. $31.4^{o}C$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Of the solar radiation reaching the earths atmosphere
36% is reflected back into space
18% is absorbed by the earths atmosphere
This implies that only 46% reaches the earths surface
If absorbed by a black body, expect that the maximum temperature of this body is given by
where $I _{sc} = 1353 Wm^{-2}$

Motion of molecule in a substance is concluded by

particles of a gas ideal gases physics

  1. Using microscopes

  2. Mathematical postulates

  3. Using assumptions

  4. Observations from experiments

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Molecules are too small to be seen by microscope. Motion of molecules can be concluded by observations seen in experiment,such as diffusion of ink particles in water,light scattering experiments etc.

Gas at a pressure ${P} _{0}$ is contained in a vessel. If the masses of all the molecules are halved and their speeds are doubled, the resulting pressure $P$ will be equal to

particles of a gas ideal gases physics

  1. $4{P} _{0}$

  2. $2{P} _{0}$

  3. ${P} _{0}$

  4. $\cfrac{{P} _{0}}{2}$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$\begin{array}{l} P=\dfrac { 1 }{ 3 } \dfrac { { mN } }{ V } v _{ rms }^{ 2 } \ \therefore p\propto mv _{ rms }^{ 2 } \ so\, \dfrac { { { P _{ 2 } } } }{ { { P _{ 1 } } } } =\dfrac { { { m _{ 2 } } } }{ { { m _{ 2 } } } } \times { \left( { \dfrac { { { v _{ 2 } } } }{ { { v _{ 1 } } } }  } \right) ^{ 2 } } \ =\dfrac { { { m _{ 1 } }/2 } }{ { { m _{ 1 } } } } { \left( { \dfrac { { 2{ v _{ 1 } } } }{ { { v _{ 1 } } } }  } \right) ^{ 2 } } \ =2 \ { P _{ 2 } }=2{ P _{ 1 } } \ =2{ P _{ 0 } } \end{array}$

Hence,
option B is correct answer.

With increase in temperature, the density of a substance in general :

particles of a gas ideal gases physics

  1. increases

  2. decreases

  3. first increases then decreases

  4. first decreases then increases

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$Answer:-$ B

In general desity decreases with increase in temperature since $density=\dfrac{mass}{volume}$ 
Volume increases in general with increase in temperature and it is inversely proportional to density hence density decreases.
But for the case of water(when heated) it is different heating, its density first decreases and then increases.