Tag: community health and hygiene

Questions Related to community health and hygiene

Consumption of methanol can result in blindness; Since it

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Inhibits neurotransuitter GABA

  2. Is released from retina

  3. Generally damages optic nerve

  4. Is stored in cornea and tear glands

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The consumption of methanol causes 'Toxic Optic Neuropathy' (TON). It is caused when the optic nerve is damaged by toxin which leads to visual impairment. This condition often presents as a painless, progressive, bilateral, symmetrical visual decline with variable optic nerve head damage. So, the correct answer is option C.

Continuous and excessive intake of alcohol causes

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

  2. Fatty liver 

  3. Cirrhosis and hypertension

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Laenec syndrome is Laennec cirrhosis which is a disease of the liver in which the normal lobular architecture is lost.
Fatty liver syndrome is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis.
Cirrhosis is a stage of scarring/fibrosis of the liver caused by many liver diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'All of the above'.

Addiction to tobacco is mainly due to presence of

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Amphetamines

  2. Nicotine

  3. Tar

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars. Tobacco leads to nicotine dependence.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Nicotine.

Diacetylmorphine hydrochloride is 

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Heroin

  2. Brown sugar

  3. Methadone

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Diamorphine hydrochloride binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. It is a type of analgesic agent and a type of opiate. Also called diacetylmorphine hydrochloride and heroin. diacetylmorphine hydrochloride is also known as brown sugar.
So the correct option is B.

Impaired memory, lethargy, passivity, acute anxiety, depression and profuse sweating are symptoms associated with

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Alcoholism

  2. Drug addiction

  3. Mental illness

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Drug addiction psychological symptoms include:

  • Unexplained change in personality or attitude
  • Sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry outbursts
  • Periods of hyperactivity, agitation or giddiness
  • Lack of motivation, appears lethargic
  • Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid with no reason.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Peripheral vascular disease is most common in smokers which can lead to

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Gangrene

  2. Thrombosis

  3. Embolism

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Peripheral vascular disease is commonly used to refer to peripheral artery disease, meaning narrowing or occlusion by atherosclerotic plaques of arteries outside of the heart and brain.
Risk factors for peripheral artery disease include elevated blood cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and smoking. Complications of peripheral artery disease include sores that do not heal, ulcers, gangrene or infections in the extremities. A peripheral vascular disease that affects the veins include deep vein thrombosis, varicose veins. Pulmonary embolism is also caused by the blood clot due to peripheral vascular disease.
So, the correct answer is option D.

A person's reduced/diminished response to a drug is called

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Withdrawal

  2. Addiction

  3. Rebound effect

  4. Tolerance

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Tolerance is the resistance of a person when addicted to a drug and can withstand even in higher doses. Hence, the correct option is D.

Assertion- Codeine causes addiction.
Reason- Codeine is an opium-derivative.

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

  3. Assertion is true but Reason is false.

  4. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

  5. Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Codeine is a moderately strong opiate drug that is used in pain relief and for the suppression of coughs. But strong or weak, it is still an addictive drug with many symptoms of use in common with other opiates. The road to addiction to codeine usually starts with an increasing tolerance to the drug.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Alcoholism leads to

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Amnesia

  2. Lung-damage

  3. Cancer

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Alcoholism causes amnesia. The person drinks, does things and cannot remember them afterwards.

Essentially, amnesia is loss of memory. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that was caused. There are two main types of amnesia, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

In alcoholics, liver gets damaged as it

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Accumulates excess of fats

  2. Stores excess of glycogen

  3. Secretes more bile

  4. Has to detoxify alcohol

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Excessive alcohol causes fatty liver or steatosis. It describes the buildup of fats in the liver. It occurs when the body creates too much fat or cannot metabolize fat fast enough. As a result, the left over is stored in the liver cells where it accumulates to become fatty liver disease.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.