Tag: control and coordination in living organisms

Questions Related to control and coordination in living organisms

Parathyroid hormone (PTH):

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. stimulates the release of calcium by the kidneys

  2. stops the absorption of calcium from the intestine

  3. causes blood calcium level to decrease

  4. causes blood phosphate level to decrease

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hormones are used to communicate between the organs of the body. The release of parathyroid hormone causes blood phosphate level to decrease. When blood calcium level is low, this hormone is released so that the level comes back to normal. Increased level of PTH may lead to joint pains, muscles weakness and many more effects.

Which hormone affects physical appearance?

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. male and female

  2. steroid

  3. growth

  4. gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Male and female hormones or the gonadotropin-releasing hormones have almost the same functions, they induce the primary and secondary sexual characteristics
Example-Estrogen, progesterone.
  • steroid type of hormones play a role in the physiological effect on the body,
Example- Insulin, glucagon.
  • Growth type of hormones affects physical appearance.
Example- GH, somatomedin etc. 

ACTH controls the secretion of :

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. epinephrine

  2. cortisol

  3. testosterone

  4. aldosterone

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

ACTH is secreted by adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland and controls the secretion of adrenal cortical hormone named as cortisol,

Effects of cortisol-
  • Antiinflammatory
  • Immuno-suppressive
  • RBC production
  • BMR regulation.

Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones result in :

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Addison disease

  2. Cushing syndrome

  3. tetany

  4. goiter

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormone (Cortisol) that is a glucocorticoid hormone results in the Addison disease.

Effects on the physiology of the body are as following-
  • Blood sodium (low)
  • Blood potassium(More)
  • Blood glucose(Low)
  • Blood pressure(Low) 

The primary target organ of aldosterone is :

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. the kidney

  2. the pancreas

  3. the liver

  4. all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aldosterone is type of Mineralo-corticoid hormne, it affects the kidney in low GFR (glomerulation filtration rate) condition and maintain it.

The process for the working of aldosterone on kidney is as follows-
Blood $Na^{+}$ level increase $\rightarrow$ Water in blood(increase)$\rightarrow$ Blood volume(increase) $\rightarrow$ Blood pressure(increase)

Which of the following is pheromone?

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Linalool

  2. Disparlure

  3. BHA

  4. Alitame

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Disparlure is an pheromone.

Progesterone is secreted by:

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Thyroid

  2. Ovaries

  3. Adrenal

  4. Testes

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A steroid, progesteron is secreted chiefly by the corpus luteum, a group of cells formed in the ovary after the follicle ruptures during the release of egg cell.

The hypothalamus regulates :

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. heart rate

  2. glandular secretions

  3. body temperature

  4. all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hypothalamus is the portion of the brain that contains a no. of small nuclei with a variety of functions. It regulates heart rate, glandular secretion, body temperature.

Which of the following is a chemical messenger that produced in the body region but affect a different body region?

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Hormones

  2. Enzyes

  3. Endocrines

  4. Nucleic acids

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A hormone is a class of molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms, that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behavior of that particular organ.
Example: Thyroxine, insulin etc

Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that have a direct effect on the body, rather than trigger another gland, are :

biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones

  2. FH, LSH and progesterone

  3. GH, prolactin, and MSH

  4. testosterone and estrogen

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

GH, prolactin and MSH are not the releasing or inhibitory factors, they have a direct effect on the body,

  • GH(growth hormone) also called as STH(somatotrophic hormone) induces the formation of IGF and sometomedian, these compounds induces the growth of bones and other organs
$GH/STH \overset{Induce}\rightarrow IGF+ Sometomedian\rightarrow growth$
  • Prolactin also called as lactotrophic hormones induces-
  1. Growth of mammary glands
  2. Synthesis of milk
  3. synthesis of antigonadotrophin
  • MSH(melanocyte stimulating hormone) is secreted from adenohypophysis and induce metachrosis( changing of color in amphibians).