Tag: coordination in human beings- chemical control

The orchid family (Orchidaceae) is subdivided into 5 subfamilies, 22 tribes and 70 subtribes and 850 genera are informal as alliances.

Most bats use frequencies in the range 20-80 kHz, only a few bats use frequencies less than 20 kHz.

Here the food chain be :
Grass Grasshopper Frog Snake Eagle The organism which occurs at the highest trophic level in the food chain will have the maximum concentration of harrnful chemicals in its body. since, eagle occurs atthe highest trophic level, therefore, it will have the maximum concentration of harrnful chemicals in its body.

Instinct is a kind of behaviour which does not involve any prior learning and is inherent and automatic. Thus, the loss of sensitivity to unimportant stimuli is a natural act which is instinctive in nature. For example, dancing of honeybees in the direction of food, animal fighting and courtship behaviour are are instinct behaviour. 

A form of learning that occurs during a brief genetically determined critical period shortly after birth is called as imprinting. Instinct is an inborn behaviour characteristic to a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli. Conditioning is also a learned response in which stimulus becomes associated with a consequence. Habituation is the most complicated form of learned behavior and includes applying something already learned to a new situation without a period of trial and error. Reasoning is making concept about cause and effect in particular context. Because the chicks learnt to follow mother goose and mother hen just after birth; it is imprinting. 

Imprinting is a form of learning that occurs during a brief genetically determined critical period shortly after birth. Habituation is the most complicated form of learned behavior and includes applying something already learned to a new situation without a period of trial and error. The reasoning is making the concept of cause and effect in particular context. Reflex and dominance occur during a late phase of life. 

Both habituation and imprinting are simple learned behaviours. Both are non associative learning process which means not associated with any reward or punishment. In habituation, the animal becomes habituated to the specific type of stimulus after repeated exposure. In imprinting, the learned behaviour occurs at a particular stage of maturation process in life. It mostly occurs in early stage of life of animals. Like the animal first recognizes the mother. This behaviour helps the animal in their survival in young age. 

Behaviour of organisms which belong to the same species can be seen in periodical cicadas that emerge the same year. The nymphs of periodical cicadas develop underground for 13 to 17years and live on juices from plant roots. After this period, they emerge from the soil and molt into winged adults. There are seven species of periodical cicadas four with 13-year life cycles and three with 17-year cycles. Each species of the periodical cicada has a distinctive song.