Tag: biotechnology: general introduction

Questions Related to biotechnology: general introduction

Genetic engineering is

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Study of extra nuclear gene

  2. Manipulation of genes by artificial method

  3. Manipulation of RNA

  4. Manipulation of enzymes

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Genetic engineering aims to add new DNA to an organism to add one or more new favorable traits that are not found in that organism. Genes are the DNA segments that carry the genetic information for the production of particular proteins/ enzymes. These enzymes/proteins determine the traits of an organism, thus alteration in gene structure is the key to impart new traits to the organisms. The genetic information present in genes is copied to the RNA and finally into the proteins; further genes are inherited from generation to generation. Hence, manipulation of RNA, protein or extranuclear gene will be confined to that generation only. Hence, genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes.

Nuclear transplantation technique was discovered by

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Briggs

  2. Wilmut

  3. Gurdon

  4. Griffith

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Briggs and King discovered that normal hatched tadpoles can be obtained by transplanting the nucleus of a blastula cell to the enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens. This finding provided an initial answer to the long-standing question of whether the process of development and cell differentiation requires a loss or stable change in the genetic constitution of cells.

Who among the following scientists is associated with the discoveries in genetic engineering?

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Khorana

  2. Watson

  3. Crick

  4. Messelson

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Har Govind Khorana synthesized artificial gene in a test tube in the year 1969.

Hirudin gene inserted in Brassica napus was

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Synthesised chemically

  2. Obtained from leech

  3. Got from Bacillus thuringiensis

  4. Brassica campestris

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Hirudin is a potent inhibitor of thrombin. Thus, it has a high therapeutic value in the treatment of thrombosis.
  • Hirudin gene inserted in Brassica napus was synthesized chemically in E. coli and yeast and was found to be a reasonable success. Extended work suggested the production of this protein in a plant system, particularly oil-producing crop.
So, the correct option is 'Synthesized chemically'.

What is euphenics?

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Improvement of human race by better environment

  2. Improvement of human race by genetic engineering

  3. Treatment of communicable diseases

  4. Treatment of inheritable diseases

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The therapeutic techniques used to treat deleterious phenotypic effects of a genetic defect especially without altering the genetic makeup of the germplasm of the individual is known as Euphenics. Therefore it is the improvement of phenotypic effect in humans after their birth by genetic engineering. Hence option B is correct.

Who made discovery for genetic engineering ?

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Morgan

  2. Watson

  3. Crick

  4. Khorana

Show answer
Correct Option: D

A desirable change in genotype of an organism is obtained by

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. DNA replication

  2. Protein synthesisr

  3. DNA technology

  4. mRNA formation

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Genetic engineering is possible because

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. We can cut DNA at specific sites by restriction endonucleases

  2. Restriction endonucleases purified from virus can be used in bacteria

  3. The phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood

  4. We can see DNA by electron microscope

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Genetic engineering includes the artificial synthesis, isolation, modification, combination, addition, and repair of the genetic material (DNA) to alter the phenotype of the host organism to suit human needs. It is the manipulation of genes by man in vitro. Restriction endonucleases play a major role in genetic engineering as they can cut DNA at specific sites, thus allowing manipulation or modification in its sequence.
So, the correct answer is 'We can cut DNA at specific sites by restriction endonucleases'.

Who is the father of genetic engineering?

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Steward Linn

  2. Stanley Cohen

  3. Paul Berg

  4. Kary Mullis

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
In 1972, genetic engineering was started by Paul Berg. He was able to introduce a gene of the SV-40 virus into a bacterium with the help of lambda phage. Berg is often considered as "Father of genetic engineering". He was awarded Nobel Prize in 1980.
S0, the correct answer is 'Paul Berg'.

Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing

botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans

  2. Transgenic cow-Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee

  3. Animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Transgenic mice are being formed for use in testing the safety of before they are used they are used on human beings. They are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine. The first transgenic cow. Rosie produced human protein enriched milk (2.4 gms per litre). The milk contained the human alphalactalbumin. It is a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk. Bulls with more power are produced by animal breeding not by genetic engineering. So, the correct answer is 'Transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans'.