Tag: application of biology in therapy and vaccine

Questions Related to application of biology in therapy and vaccine

What is the permanent cure of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency in children?

zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. Bone marrow transplantation

  2. Enzyme replacement therapy in which functional ADA is given to patient by injection

  3. Infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes (in which functional ADA-cDNA is introduced) into the patient's blood

  4. Introduction of gene isolated from the bone marrow cells which produce ADA, into the cells of the patient at early embryonic stages

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency can be treated by bone marrow transplantation, or by enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA is given to the patient by injection. But permanent treatment can be done by introduction of gene isolated from bone marrow cells, which produces ADA, into the cells of the patient at early embryonic stage.

An example of gene therapy is 

zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. Production of injectible hepatitis B vaccine

  2. Production of vaccines in food crops like potatoes which can be eaten.

  3. Introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase in persons suffering from SCID

  4. Production of test tube babies by artificial insemination and implantation of fertilised eggs.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child  for adenosine deaor embryo. An example of gene therapy is the introduction  of geneminase in persons suffering from ADA deficiency, a disorder caused due to the deletion of gene for adenosine deaminase. In some patients , it can be cured by bone marrow transplantation whereas in some by the enzyme replacement therapy

So, the correct option is 'introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase in persons suffering from SCID'

Gene can therapy can be referred to as  

zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. Pre-clinical testing for inherited diseases in newborns

  2. Treatment of diseases caused by genetic defect

  3. Genetic engineering using rDNA technology

  4. Cancer treatment using in-vitro cultured stem cells

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gene therapy is a collection of methods, that allows correction of gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo. Correcting of a genetic defect involves delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and compensate for the non-functional gene.

What might be an advantage of beginning gene therapy prior to birth? 

zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. This would give the body plenty of time to utilize the new genes.

  2. The body would not reject it as it has not yet recognized 'self'.

  3. The cells being extremely young. are more receptive of gene therapy.

  4. There probably is not any advantage.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gene therapy is a newly emerging branch of biotechnology with tremendous results. It is basically used for correcting genetic disorders. In gene therapy, normal genes are introduced in the cells to replace the missing genes or defective genes. 

Early gene therapy has been proved to be more effective in treating certain brain diseases in humans. They have also shown exemplary results in mice.  
When a child is born, he has its innate immunity, which does not allow any foreign body to settle into its own body easily. But before birth, it has not yet recognized itself, so therapy would be easily accepted.
So the correct answer is B.

A genetic disorder can be cured through

zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. rDNA technology

  2. Embryo transfer

  3. Gene therapy

  4. All of these.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Gene therapy is a collection of methods, that allows correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child embryo.

The method of correcting the defective genes is called

zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. genetic engineering

  2. gene therapy

  3. somatic hybridization

  4. protoplast fusion

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The use of bioengineered cells and biological techniques to treat human genetic disorder is known as gene therapy. Gene therapy is the transfer of a normal gene into body cells to correct the genetic defect. It can be used to treat genetic diseases like sickle cell anaemia and SCID.
The SCID patients have no functioning t lymphocytes and one treated with injections of the white blood cells that have been engineered to carry the normal ADA alleles.
So, the correct option is 'gene therapy'

Which kind of therapy was given in $1990$ to a four-year-old girl with Adenosine Deaminase(ADA) deficiency?

zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. Gene therapy

  2. Chemotherapy

  3. Immunotherapy

  4. Radiation therapy

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

First successful gene transfer in human was performed by F.Anderson. Ashi Disilva a 4-year girl was treated by replacing ADA gene in lymphocytes.

The girl was suffering from Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). Gene therapy was used for the treatment of ADA deficiency.
So, the correct option is 'Gene therapy'.

A correction or alleviation of a genetic disorder by the introduction of a normal gene copy into an affected individual is called as

zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. Gene probe

  2. Gene multiplication

  3. Gene therapy

  4. Gene cloning

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Gene cloning is the process of making the copies of gene of interest by locating it in DNA followed by extraction of DNA containing that gene. A probe is a radiolabeled single-stranded DNA/ RNA fragment used to search for a gene of interest or other DNA sequence. For the purpose, the base sequence of probe is complementary to the target sequence to facilitate its base pairing with target gene. Gene multiplication is a mechanism that increase the genes in their number of copies. It is also called as gene amplification and is the source of evolution. Gene therapy is the process of introduction of DNA into living human beings in order to treat disease. It is used to replace a missing gene product or to correct mutant alleles. Correct answer is C.

An abnormal gene is replaced by normal gene. It is called __________.

zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. Gene therapy

  2. Cloning

  3. Mutation

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Immune deficiency disorder, which occur due to mutation in gene, involved in maturation of T and B lymphocytes is

zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. IDDM

  2. Hashimoto disease

  3. SCID

  4. Pernicious anemia

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or IDDM is an immune deficiency disorder. It occurs due to a mutation in a gene involved in insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. 
  • Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in hypothyroidism. It results in defects in the maturation of T lymphocytes. 
  • Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an immunodeficiency syndrome. It occurs due to a mutation in the gene involved in the maturation of T and B lymphocytes. 
  • Pernicious anemia is also called as vitamin B$ _{12}$ deficiency syndrome. It results due to a lack of intrinsic factor. 
Thus, the correct answer is 'Hashimoto disease and SCID.'