Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

DNA sequence comparison is a powerful tool in studying evolution. However, there are limitations to what it can tell us about the history of life on Earth.
What is a limitation of this technology?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. It is only possible to obtain DNA samples from extant or recently extinct species.

  2. It is possible that an organism will have genes for non-functional proteins.

  3. Mutations can occur randomly in genomes.

  4. There is greater variation in DNA sequences that in amino acid sequences.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
DNA sequence comparison tools like BLAST, CLUSTAL W etc are some of the powerful tools used in understanding the similarity, relatedness and other phylogenetic studies between two or more sequences at the same time. Mutations act as the limitation of DNA sequence comparison technology as they can occur randomly throughout the genome with time and hence could distort the sequence comparison results and hamper the assessment for statistical significance.
so, the correct answer is 'Mutations can occur randomly in genomes'

Which one of the following is related with genetic engineering?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Plasmids

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Mutations

  4. Ribosomes

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle or carrier which carries the desired gene from donor to recipient cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. The plasmid is extrachromosomal circular DNA which acts as vector DNA. The plasmid is the most important vector as it possesses multiple cloning sites, an origin of replication and a selectable marker.

Using recombinant DNA technology, genes from a donor cell can be inserted into a bacterium for DNA replication and protein synthesis. The kind of cells that can be used as gene donors in this technology are

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Bacteria only

  2. Either yeast or bacteria

  3. Eukaryotic cells only

  4. Any of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The production of a recombined bacterium using a gene from a foreign donor and the synthesis of a protein encoded by the recombinant DNA molecule. The genes used as a donor in recombinant DNA technology are commonly obtained from bacteria, yeast or any eukaryotic host organism. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .

In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors?
(i) Bacterium
(ii) Plasmid
(iii) Plasmodium
(iv) Enzyme

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. (ii) only

  2. (i) and (ii) only

  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (iv) only

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a transport to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and expressed. A vector containing foreign DNA is termed recombinant DNA. The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Of these, the most commonly used vectors are plasmids.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Read the following statements about reproduction and select the incorrect one.

botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

  1. It is a biological process in which an organism gives rise to young ones

  2. It enables the continuity of the species

  3. It produces genetic variations in organisms

  4. It maintains populations of the young and adult persons only

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Reproduction is a biological process in which an organism gives rise to young ones. It is a fundamental feature of all known life. Reproduction enables the continuity of the species and produces genetic variations in organisms. 
  • Reproduction not only maintains populations of the young and adult persons but also that of older adults.
  • Reproduction is a key process that determines the distribution of people of various ages in a population, called age structure.
  • So the correct option is D.

The phenomenon wherein, the ovary develops into a fruit without fertilisation is called.

botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

  1. Parthenocarpy

  2. Apomixis

  3. Asexual reproduction

  4. Sexual reproduction

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Fertilised ovary is technically called fruit. But if ovary develops into fruits, without fertilisation, it is called parthenocarpic fruit. Such fruits are generally seedless. Some common examples found in nature are: Citrus, banana, etc., Parthenocarpy can be artificially induced too by application of certain plant hormones, especially, auxins and gibberellins.

Reproduction is essential for living organisms in order to

botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

  1. Keep the individual organism alive

  2. Fulfill their energy requirement

  3. Maintain growth

  4. Continue the species generation after generation

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Reproduction is an essential process required for continuity of life and survival of species generation after generation. 
  • An individual has a limited lifespan and lives for a defined time period but species survive and evolve for a much longer duration. Reproduction serves no other purpose and is not required for energy production or growth of an organism.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

The process of development of organism like itself is called as

botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

  1. Budding

  2. Flowering

  3. Reproduction

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Reproduction can be defined as the biological process by which new individuals or offsprings are produced from their 'parents'. Offsprings are little similar to their parents.
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction by which offsprings arise from a single organism.

Fusion of male and female gamete is termed as

botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

  1. Reproduction

  2. Vegetative propagation

  3. Fertilization

  4. Respiration

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Reproduction is a process by which there is the production of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two different individuals. It occurs in eukaryotes. A process similar to sexual reproduction (conjugation, transduction, transformation) also takes place in prokaryote also but it is not a reproduction.

Reproduction is essential for living organisms in order to

botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

  1. Keep the individual organism alive

  2. Fulfill their energy requirement

  3. Maintain growth

  4. Continue the species generation after generation

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Reproduction is important because, with the help of reproduction, a new generation of species are produced. With the help of reproduction, genetic traits of that species are transferred from one generation to another.