Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

Technique of growing plants without soil in nutrient solution is called

botany mineral nutrition in plants hydroponics hydroculture essential and non-essential mineral elements nutrients and nutrition

  1. Parthenogenesis

  2. Hydroponics

  3. Aquaculture

  4. Tissue culture

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Growing plants in a nutrient solution in absence of soil is called hydroponics. This technique was pioneered by Julius Von Sachs. It is also called soilless cultivation.

Mineral requirement is studied through hydroponics which is related to growing plants in

botany mineral nutrition in plants hydroponics hydroculture essential and non-essential mineral elements nutrients and nutrition

  1. Soil

  2. Air

  3. Solution

  4. Ponds

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Solution culture is being used for raising flowers and vegetables. This soil- less production of plants is called hydroponics. Plants are raised in small tanks. They are filled up with solution containing appropriate quantities of all mineral elements. The solution is changed from time to time.

So , the correct answer is option C.

Biopiracy means

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. Use of biopatents

  2. Thefts of plants and animals

  3. Stealing of bioresources

  4. Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biopiracy is exploitation of bioresources of a company by organisations and multinationals for commercial purpose with or without patent but without any Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement (ABA). Bioresources or biological resources are all those organisms which can provide commercial benefits. They are abundant in developing countries have traditional knowledge related in bioresources. On the other hand, developed countries are poor in bioresources but are rich in technology. Traditional knowledge helps in saving time, effort and expenditure in developing refined product for commercialisation. Therefore, based on traditional knowledge, institutions and companies of industrialised nations are collecting and exploiting bioresources of other nations by getting them patented. So, the correct answer is 'Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission'.

Use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and concerned without compensatory payment is termed as 

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. Resource partitioning

  2. Biopiracy

  3. Patenting

  4. Biofortification

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Biopiracy is exploitation of bioresources of a company by organisations and multinationals for commercial purpose with or without patent but without any Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement (ABA). Bioresources or biological resources are all those organisms which can provide commercial benefits. They are abundant in developing countries have traditional knowledge related in bioresources. On the other hand, developed countries are poor in bioresources but are rich in technology. Traditional knowledge helps in saving time, effort and expenditure in developing refined product for commercialisation. Therefore, based on traditional knowledge, institutions and companies of industrialised nations are collecting and exploiting bioresources of other nations by getting them patented. 
So, the correct answer is 'Biopiracy'.

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.
Column I                         Column II
A. Biopiracy          (i) Effort to fix the non-functional gene
B. Biopatent         (ii) Gene silencing
C. Gene therapy  (ii) Illegal removal of biological materials
D. RNAi               (iv) Right granted for biological entities

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (i), D -(iii)

  2. A - (ii), B - (iv), C - (i), D -(iii)

  3. A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (i), D -(ii)

  4. A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D -(i)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
 A. Biopiracy  The act of Piracy is unauthorized publication or reproduction of another person’s work or material. When someone indulges in piracy, the accused is using someone’s else’s work illegally or without taking any permission. Biopiracy is the appropriation of another’s knowledge of use of biological resources. Of late, the major issue involving biopiracy is the exploitation of patent biological resources or knowledge of farmers and traditional communities and indigenous tribes by many organizations and multinational companies. The innovations and discovery of the pharmaceutical and agricultural researches are not new as to qualify as invention as they are based on centuries of knowledge of the traditional societies.So the correct option is 'illegal removal of biological materials'.
 B. Biopatent  A biological patent is a patent on an invention in the field of biology that by law allows the patent holder to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the protected invention for a limited period of time. The scope and reach of biological patents vary among jurisdictions, and may include biological technology and products, genetically modified organisms and genetic material. The applicability of patents to substances and processes wholly or partially natural in origin is a subject of debate.So the correct option is 'right granted for biological entities'.
 C. Gene therapy Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease. The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980 by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, approved by the National Institutes of Health, was performed in May 1989. The first therapeutic use of gene transfer as well as the first direct insertion of human DNA into the nuclear genome was performed by French Anderson in a trial starting in September 1990.So the correct option is 'effort to fix the non-functional gene'.
 D. RNAi  RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. Historically, RNAi was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Since the discovery of RNAi and its regulatory potentials, it has become evident that RNAi has immense potential in suppression of desired genes. RNAi is now known as precise, efficient, stable and better than antisense technology for gene suppression. However, antisense RNA produced intracellularly by an expression vector may be developed and find utility as novel therapeutic agents.So the correct option is 'gene silencing'

Example/s of biopiracy of Indian plants is/are _________.

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. Basmati rice

  2. Turmeric

  3. Neem

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

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Examples of biopiracy include recent patents granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademarks Office to American companies on turmeric, 'neem' and, most notably, 'basmati' rice. All three products are indigenous to the Indo-Pak subcontinent.

The principal patenting pirates are

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. US

  2. Japan

  3. Germany

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Use of biological resources without permission is

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. Biopatent

  2. Bioethics

  3. Biopiracy

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Biopiracy is related to

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. Traditional knowledge

  2. Biomolecules and bio resources

  3. Isolated genes from bio resources

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D

The method of biopiracy is _________.

botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

  1. Illegal collection of biological sample

  2. Legal collection of biological sample

  3. Biopatent

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. Thus option A is the correct answer.