Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

Which statement is not applicable to fertilization in Dryopteris ? 

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. Antherozoids are multi-flagellated and spirally coiled

  2. At maturity, neck canal cell and ventral canal cells are degenerated forming malic acid.

  3. Antheroizoids show chemotropic attraction towards malic acid.

  4. After fusion of male and female gamete, diploid oospore is produced inside archegonia.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Each sperm of antherozoids is spirally coiled (2-3 coils) multiflagellated bearing 40-50 whiplash type flagella which are not applicable to fertilization in Dryopteris.

So the correct option is 'Antherozoids are multi-flagellated and spirally coiled.'

The heterosporous pteridophytes are ______________.

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. Lycopodium and Pteris

  2. Selaginella and Psilotum

  3. Selaginella and Salvinia

  4. Dryopteris and Adiantum

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Heterospory is the production of spores of two different sizes and of two different developmental patterns -smaller male or microspores and larger female or megaspores. Heterospory is the most important evolutionary development in vascular plants because it has ultimately led to seed development, e.g., Selaginella, Salvinia, Azolla, etc.

So the correct option is C.

 Match column I with column II and select the correct options from the codes given below.

Column I Column II
A. Psilopsida  (i) Psilotum
B. Lycopsida (ii) Equisetum
C. Sphenopsida (iii) Selaginella
D. Pteropsida (iv) Dryopteris
botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(i), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(ii)

  3. A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)

  4. A-(i), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(ii)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

(A) Psilopsida - Psilotum

(B) Lycopsida - Selaginella
(C) Sphenopsida - Equisetum
(D) Pteropsida - Dryopteris
So, the correct answer is (c).

What is common to the following plants: Nepenthes, Psilotum, Rauwolfia, and Aconitum?

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. All are ornamental plants.

  2. All are phylogenic link species.

  3. All are prone to over exploitation.

  4. All are exclusively present in the Eastern Himalayas.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nepenthes is also known as the pitcher plant. It is an insectivorous plant. Psilotum is a pteridophyte and it is used for medicinal purpose. Aconitum is a medicinal plant. Rauwolfia is also a medicinal plant. 


We can see that all the plants have distinctive properties and used due to which these plants are very prone to exploitation. Thus, the one character that is common in all plants is, all these plants are prone to over-exploitation. 
So, the correct answer is 'All are prone to overexploitation'.


So, the correct answer is 'All are prone to overexploitation'.

In ________, a dominant and independent diploid sporophyte alternates with a short-lived, independent haploid gametophyte.

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. algae

  2. bryophytes

  3. pteridophytes

  4. gymnosperms

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

ln pteridophytes, the diploid sporophyte is represented by a dominant, independent, photosynthetic, vascular plant body. It alternates with multicellular, saprophytic autotrophic, independent but short-lived haploid gametophyte.

So the correct option is C.

Cryptogamic plants are

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. Seedless

  2. Embryoless

  3. Leafless

  4. Rootless

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The cryptogams are flowerless and seedless plants. They are simple plants including Algae, Mosses and Ferns. They do not produce flowers, fruits and seeds. Cryptogams are considered as lower plants. 

Which of the following is called as club moss?

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. Pteris

  2. Lycopodium

  3. Equisetum

  4. Marsilea

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Lycopodium is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines or creeping cedar
They are flowerless, vascular, terrestrial or epiphytic plants, with widely branched, erect, prostrate or creeping stems, with small, simple, needle-like or scale-like leaves that cover the stem and branches thickly. The leaves contain a single, unbranched vascular strand and are microphylls by definition.

Which of the following was not flourishing in Jurassic period?

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. Herbaceous lycopods

  2. Sphenopsida

  3. Ferns

  4. Conifers

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Pteridophytes differ from thallophytes and bryophytes in having

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. Highly differentiated plant body

  2. True roots, stem and leaves

  3. Well defined vascular system

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The body of pteridophytes is differentiated into true stem, leaves and roots like higher plants. They possess well-developed vascular tissues like xylem and phloem for conduction of water and other substances from one part of plant body to another. While the body of thallophytes and bryophytes are not differentiated and lacks vascular system.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Most advanced gymnosperm belongs to

botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

  1. Cycadales

  2. Coniferales

  3. Gnetales

  4. Cycadofillicales

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Gnetophyta are a small group of vascular seed plants belonging to the phylum Gnetophyta.
The Gnetophyta include only three genera, Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia, each of which belongs to a separate family, in a single order, called as the Gnetales. 

The gnetophytes have a number of features in common with the flowering plants (phylum Anthophyta, the angiosperms), which shows that Gnetales are more advanced in gymnosperms.