Tag: carbohydrate metabolism

Questions Related to carbohydrate metabolism

Failure or reduced insulin production causes 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Addison's disease

  4. Cushing's disease

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is increased levels of sugar in blood and this condition is called hyperglycaemia. This disorder is caused due to deficiency or low secretion of insulin hormone. 
B. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder in which there is less secretion of ADH due to which there is less water reabsorption in kidneys.
C. Addison's disease is caused due to hyposecretion of steroid hormones from adrenal glands. The steroid hormones are cortisol and aldosterone which are secreted from adrenal cortex.
D. Cushing disease occurs due to hypersecretion of cortisol which is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.

Insulin deficiency causes 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Diabetes insipidus

  2. Goitre

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Diabetes occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. This leads to movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels. When insulin levels are low, as in diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level is increased.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.

Juvenile diabetes mellitus is due to 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Loss of pancreatic beta cells

  2. Resistance to insulin

  3. Malnutrition

  4. Obesity

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is a peptide or proteinaceous hormone secreted from the β (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. Thus, it decreases blood glucose level. Deficiency of insulin leads to high blood glucose level.
So, the correct answer is 'Loss of pancreatic beta cells'.

Percentage of world population suffering from diabetes is

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. 48%

  2. 24%

  3. 4%

  4. 1%

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. 
  • Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.
  • The number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Hence, Percentage of world population suffering from diabetes is 4%.
So, the correct answer is '4%'.

Which of the following are asssociated with diabetes mellitus, a common diseases in adults?
1. Higher sugar level in blood
2. Lower sugar level in blood
3. Lower insulin level in blood
4. Higher insulin level in blood
Select the correct answer by using the codes given:

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. 2 and 3

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 2 and 4

  4. 1 and 3

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Diabetes mellitus is a disease which is caused due to the deficiency of insulin hormone. As insulin is not present in the blood the glucose cannot be taken up by the cell. Therefore the amount of glucose increases in the blood which leads to the damage of tiny blood vessel in the kidney, heart, eyes and nervous system.

So, the correct option is '1 and 3'

Which one of the following is correct for a normal human? 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. pH of urine is around 8.

  2. On an average, $75-80$ mg of urea is excreted via urine per day.

  3. Presence of ketone bodies in urine is a n indicator of diabetes mellitus.

  4. Relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous contraction of urethral sphincter causes the release of urine.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
In a person suffering from diabetes mellitus, degradation of fat increases resulting in the production of ketone bodies. These are acidic and poisonous and get excreted out in urine. Therefore, the presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus. pH of urine is $6$. On an average, $25-30$ gm of urea is excreted via urine daily. Contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causes the release of urine. 
So the correct answer is 'Presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus.'.

Symptoms of diabetes develop more rapidly in _____________

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Type 1 DM

  2. Type 2 DM

  3. Gestational diabetes

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Some of the symptoms associated with untreated diabetes mellitus (DM) are weight loss, polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). 
  • These symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 DM, while they usually develop much more slowly and maybe subtle or absent in type 2 DM. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

For a person suffering from diabetes, the intake of carbohydrates should be preferably in the form of 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Monosaccharide

  2. Disaccharide

  3. Polysaccharide

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Carbohydrates should constitute around 60-70% of the total calories in diabetics. Carbohydrates in the form of simple sugars need restriction. The carbohydrates should be in the form of complex polysaccharides (starch) and contain adequate amount of digestible fibres. Very high carbohydrate intakes and/or high glycaemic index foods can exacerbate the dyslipidemia, including hypertriglyceridemia.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

................... is an insulin resistant type of diabetes mellitus.

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

  1. Type 1

  2. Type 2

  3. Type 3

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that results in high sugar level in the blood or high blood glucose. 
  • Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. 
  • Type 1 DM results from the failure of the beta cells of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. 
  • Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

HMP shunt was discovered by 

hmp shunt alternative to glycolysis carbohydrate metabolism respiration bio-chemistry

  1. Horecker and coworkers

  2. Warburg and Dickens

  3. Blackman

  4. M.Calvin

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hexose Monophosphate Pathway (HMP) is an alternative pathway of glucose break down found in animal tissues like liver, mammary glands, adrenal cortex, leucocytes and in many plant tissues. The pathway was first discovered by Warburg et. at. (1953) and Dickens (1938).

So, the correct answer is option B.