Tag: musculo - skeleton system

Gliding joint is a type of synovial joint, which allows movement of bone about three axes. Gliding joint is essentially flat circular surface and permits movement within narrow limits. Examples of gliding joint are between articular surfaces (zygapophyses) of vertebrae, acromioclavicular joint, some carpals and tarsal bones.

According to the structure, the joints can be classified into- fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial. 

Synovial joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid filled in synovial cavity, between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement by reducing friction between bones. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements. Ball and socket joint (between humerus and pectoral girdle), hinge joint (knee joint), pivot joint (between atlas and axis), gliding joint (between the carpals) and saddle joint (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb) are some examples.

Sutures, meaning to stitch, are immovable joint found between skull bones. 

Fibrous cartilage is the strongest kind of cartilage, because it has alternating layers of hyaline cartilage matrix and thick layers of dense collagen fibres oriented in the direction of functional stresses. This type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium as it is usually a transitional layer between hyaline cartilage and tendon or ligament. Thus, option B is correct.

Answer is option A i.e. "Cartilage"
Cartilage is a vertebrate skeletal connective tissue. It is an amorphous matrix and contains glycoproteins, basophilic chondroitin and fine collagen fibres.
Between tibia and femur, cartilage helps as shock absorber, it works to help the knee move smoothly. Cartilage helps in bone to bone ligation. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in many parts of the body.

Answer is option A i.e. "Cartilagenous joint"
The joint between the first rib and the sternum is cartilaginous. It is also called as sternocostal joint. These joints allow a very small amount of movement.
The bones of fibrous joints are joined by fibrous tissue, e.g.  sutures in the skull or the pelvis.  Fibrous joints allow no movement at all.
The bones of synovial joints meet in a joint capsule, e.g. the knee joint where the femur and tibia meet. These joints are the most common and most moveable joints in the human body.

Freely movable joints are the most complex of the joints. Freely movable joints come in different shapes and allow different movements. Six types of freely movable joints exist. The ball-and-socket joint, of which the shoulder is an example, has a ball-shaped head and allows the widest range of motion. The elbow is a hinge joint and is able to move in only one plane etc. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer. 

A synovial joint joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. The synovial (or joint) cavity is filled with synovial fluid. They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body of a mammal.