Tag: excretion to maintain homeostasis

Questions Related to excretion to maintain homeostasis

Following are four statements. Find out the correct combination. 
1. Glucose has high threshold value.
2. Urine is concentrated in Henles loop. 
3. Haemodialyser removes urea, uric acid, glucose and proteins. 
4. In glomerulus, urea, uric acid, water, glucose and plasma proteins are filtered out

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. $1, 3, 4$

  2. $2, 3, 4$

  3. $1, 2$

  4. $1, 3$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

1) The substances which are present in blood on being filtered into the tubule are completely reabsorbed are called as high threshold substance. For example, Glucose, NaCl.Hence Glucose has a high threshold value.

2) Urine in concentrated in heles loop through a countercurrent mechanism. The flow of filtrate in the two limbs of Henle’s loop is in opposite directions and thus forms a counter current. The flow of blood through the two limbs of vasa recta is also in a countercurrent pattern. The proximity between the Henle’s loop and vasa recta, as well as the countercurrent in them, help in maintaining the concentration of urine.
So, the correct answer is '1,2'.

Which one acts as artificial kidney in haemodialysis?

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. Dialysing liquid

  2. Bubble trap

  3. Blood pump

  4. Dialyser

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Hemodialysis is a method for removing waste products such as creatinine and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are in kidney failure. The mechanical device used to clean the patient's blood is called a dialyser, also known as an artificial kidney.

So, the correct option is 'Dialyser'.

Haemodialysis is connected with

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. Liver

  2. Spleen

  3. Stomach

  4. Kidney

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as haemodialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy. Hence haemodialysis is connected with the kidney.

So, the correct answer is 'Kidney'.

Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. Electrolytes

  2. Proteins

  3. Nitrogenous wastes

  4. All the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as dialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy. Dialysis fluid contains all constituents as in plasma except nitrogenous waste (Urea)

So, the correct answer is 'Nitrogenous waste'.

Haemodialysis is done for the removal of ......... from blood

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. Urea

  2. Glucose

  3. Amino acids

  4. All the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as Haemodialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. Hence Haemodialysis is done for the removal of Urea from the blood.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.

Haemodialysis is a treatment option for patients with malfunctions of

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. Kidney

  2. Heart

  3. Liver

  4. Lungs

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Haemodialysis is a method that is used to achieve the extracorporeal (procedure takes place outside the body) removal of waste products such as creatinine and urea from the blood when the kidneys are in a state of renal failure.

The main waste which passes into the dialysing solution of a dialysis machine is

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. Cellulose

  2. Glucose

  3. Water

  4. Urea

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The dialysis fluid contains water, glucose, salts and various substances at the correct concentration for the body. The dialysing membrane allows small particles such as water, urea and mineral ions to pass through it. There will be a net flow from the region of higher concentration (usually in the blood) to the region of lower concentration (in the dialysis fluid) by diffusion. As a result, the concentration of these small particles ends up being the same on both sides of the membrane. So the blood leaving the dialysis machine has all these substances in the same concentration as the dialysis solution. The fresh dialysis solution does not contain urea - so urea (and other impurities) pass out of the blood. They are taken away by the flow of dialysis solution. Proteins and blood cells are too big to pass through the membranes, so stay in the blood.

The separation of macromolecules from molecules and ions can be accomplished by

zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis haemodialysis kidney dialysis kidney disorders

  1. Photolysis

  2. Cytolysis

  3. Hemolysis

  4. Dialysis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A number of techniques are developed for separating, analyzing, and isolating the various macromolecular constituents of cells and tissues. All these techniques that principally work on the separation of proteins (and enzymes), peptides, carbohydrates, oligonucleotides and nucleic acids are electrophoresis, chromatography and ultracentrifugation. However, separation of macromolecules from the molecules and ions can also be done by using semipermeable membranes, such as those prepared from cellophane or collodion to separate solutes on the basis of molecular weight differences. The technique is called as dialysis and was first described in 1861 by T. Graham.

Match the following w.r.t Platyhelminthes.

A) Flame Cells I. Anchorage
B) Hooks and Suckers II. Absorption
C) Regeneration III. Osmo regulation
D) Body surface IV. Planaria
biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. $A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III$

  2. $A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II$

  3. $A - III, B - II, C - III, D - I$

  4. $A - IV, B - II, C - I, D - III$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the platyhelminthes like planaria. They  function like a kidney, removing waste materials by the process of osmoregulation.

Hooks and suckers are specialized structures in parasites of the platyhelminthes like tapeworm. It helps in attachment and anchoring to the host organisms.
Planaria can be cut into pieces, and each piece can regenerate into a complete organism. Cells at the location of the wound site proliferate to form a blastema that will differentiate into new tissues and regenerate the missing parts of the piece of the cut planaria.
Increased body surface helps in more absorption in platyhelminthes.
 So the correct answer should be option B "A-III, B-I, C-IV, D -II"

Match the excretory organs listed under column I with the animals given under column II and select the correct option.

Column I(Excretory organs) Column II(Animals)
A. Nephridia (i) Hydra
B. Malpighian tubules (ii) Leech
C. Protonephridia (iii) Shark
D. Kidneys (iv) Roundworms
(v) Cockroach
biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. A-(ii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(iii)

  2. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(v)

  3. A-(v), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(iii)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

(A) Nephridia - Leech

(B) Malpighian tubules - Cockroach
(C) Protonephridia - Roundworms
(D) Kidneys - Shark
So, the correct answer is (a).