Tag: effects of smoking

Cigarette smoking causes lung cancer by damaging the cells that line the lungs. When we inhale cigarette smoke, which is full of cancer-causing substances (carcinogens), changes in the lung tissue begin almost immediately. At first our body may be able to repair this damage. But with each repeated exposure, normal cells that line our lungs are increasingly damaged. Over time, the damage causes cells to act abnormally and eventually cancer may develop. People who smoke cigarettes are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer or die from lung cancer than people who do not smoke. Even smoking a few cigarettes a day or smoking occasionally increases the risk of lung cancer. The more years a person smokes and the more cigarettes smoked each day, the more risk goes up. Cigarette smoking causes many types of cancer, including cancers of the lung, oesophagus, larynx (voice box), mouth, throat, kidney, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and cervix, as well as acute myeloid leukemia.

Emphysema is a progressive, incurable chronic lung infection. The air sacs or the alveoli are destroyed and oxygen uptake is restricted due to the loss of elasticity of lung tissue.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Emphysema'.

Nicotine is found in the leaves of tobacco. It acts as both stimulant as it mimics the acetylcholine and also as the depressor. It stimulates passage of nerve impulses causes muscles to relax. 

Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.
Emphysema is a form of chronic lung disease, usually caused by smoking.
Bronchitis is caused by tobacco smoke, dust, fumes, vapors and air pollution.
Changes in lung tissue begin when one inhale cigarette smoke.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

A substance that causes cancer is called a carcinogen. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals out of which 43 are carcinogenic. Some of the carcinogens are nicotine, formaldehyde, benzene, carbon monoxide, etc. Most of the cigarette smoke remains in the lungs. This smoke damages the lung walls causing cancer. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Nicotine is a major constituent of tobacco, which plays a critical role in smoking addiction. In humans, nicotine is primarily metabolized to cotinine, which is further metabolized to trans-3'-hydorxycotinine.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Cotinine'.