Tag: applications of biotechnology

Questions Related to applications of biotechnology

Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given. Choose the correct sequence (i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially (ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors (iii) Purification of humulin (iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid (v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E. coli (vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E. coli.

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. ii, i, iv, iii, v, vi

  2. i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv

  3. i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii

  4. iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The correct sequence is

1.Synthesis of the gene for human insulin artificially.
2.Insertion of human insulin.
3.Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
4. Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
5.Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E.
6.Purification of Humulin.
So, the correct option is 'i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii'.

Which of the following statements is not correct? 

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Insulin used for diabetic patients was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs which was more efficient than that the genetically engineered insulin

  2. PCR technique is applied to detect HIV in Suspected AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients

  3. Bone marrow transplantation requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

  4. Bio-remediation is the one of the applications of biotechnology

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Earlier, insulin used for curing diabetes used to be extracted from pancreas of slaughtered pigs and cattle. This insulin was slightly different from human insulin and caused some undesirable side effects such as allergy. Genetically engineered insulin is a far more efficient.

Select the correct options to fill up the blanks.
(i) ___enzymes is crucial for the immune system to function and its absence is caused by the deletion of a gene.
(ii) Insulin consists of _and _that are linked together by _.
(iii) Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the __.
(iv)___involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA. 

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. (i) Adenosine deaminase (ii) A-chain, B-chain, disulfide bridges (iii) polio vaccine (iv) RNAi

  2. (i) RNAi (ii) A-chain, B-chain, disulphide bridges (iii) adenosine deaminase (iv) polio vaccine

  3. (i) Adenosine deaminase (ii) A-chain, B-chain, hydrogen bonds (iii) polio vaccine (iv) RNAi

  4. (i) RNAi (ii) A-chain, B-chain, non-covalent bridges (iii)polio vaccine (iv) adenosine deaminase

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Adenosine deaminase enzymes is crucial for the immune system to function and its absence is caused by the deletion of a gene. It is cured by the gene therapy.
  • Insulin consists of chain A and chain B that are linked together by disulphide bridges. 
  •  Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
  • RNAi involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA. 
So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

The first step in production of insulin using E.coli is

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Isolation of mRNA transcribing for insulin pancreas cell.

  2. Isolation of nucleotides transcribing for insulin from pancreas cell.

  3. Isolation of gene producing insulin from human DNA.

  4. Attachment of gene producing insulin from human DNA to plasmid using ligase.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Scientists synthesized in the laboratory genes for the two insulin "A" and "B" chains. This is accomplished by chemically linking together small pieces of DNA sequence and then joining them in a specific manner to form complete genes. Once the genes were synthesized, they are attached into circular DNA strands called as plasmids. The newly constructed plasmids containing the transplanted genetic material were introduced into a benign E. coli bacterial strain.

The transgenic animals are those which have 

zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

  1. Foreign RNA in all its cells

  2. Foreign DNA in some of its cells

  3. Foreign DNA in all its cells

  4. Both A and C

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Transgenic organism is one that has become transformed following the introduction of novel genes into its genome. It is most frequently achieved by integration of doned DNA sequences following their injection into the fertilised egg. This fertilised egg divides mitotically to form the whole organism so that all the cells of the organism will carry the transferred genes. The transferred genes are known as transgenes.
So, the correct answer is 'Foreign DNA in all its cells'.

Given are names of some transgenic animals. Identify the name of transgenic sheep.

zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

  1. Rosie

  2. Dogie

  3. Tracy

  4. ANDI

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Which of the following is not used to transfer the recombinant DNA into the host?

zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

  1. Micro-injection method

  2. Gene gun method

  3. Bioreactors

  4. Disarmed pathogen vectors

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells or their enzymes. To produce large quantities of these products, bioreactors are used where large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture can be processed. Bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts.
So, the correct answer is 'Bioreactors'.

Read the following four statements (A-D).

A. The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
B. Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macromolecules.
C. Downstream processing is one of the steps of rDNA technology.
D. Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of rDNA into the host.

Which of the two statements have mistakes?

zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

  1. B and C

  2. C and D

  3. A and C

  4. A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Which of the following is not a benefit of transgenic animals?

zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

  1. Investigation of new treatments for diseases

  2. Early detection of diseases

  3. Testing the safety of vaccines

  4. To produce useful biological products

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Early diagnosis of disease cannot be done by transgenic animals but through techniques such as PCR and ELISA.

Inbreeding for five generations led to production of homozygous transgenic mice. However, these homozygous males or females were infertile. Which of the following approaches is most preferable and economical to obtain heterozygous transgenic animals continuously?

zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

  1. More transgenic founder (1st animal) should be generated.

  2. Crossing (breeding) of transgenic mice with wild type mice in earlier generations should be done for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings

  3. Inbreeding should be avoided after 5th generation

  4. Homozygous transgenic mice should be mated with heterozygous transgenic mice for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Interbreeding of particular species for a larger amount of time causes the recessive traits to appear in the offspring and those result in infertility. Inbreeding is not recommended and cross-breeding is required. When the transgenic mice are inbred for very large duration infertility is caused.

To get heterozygous transgenic mice crossbreeding should be done with the wild-type.
So, the correct option is 'Crossing (breeding) of transgenic mice with wild type mice in earlier generations should be done for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings'