The conventional methods which are commonly used for the removal of nickel from water are physico-chemical methods, such as chemical coagulation, chemical oxidation or reduction, active carbon adsorption, filtration, ion exchange and membrane technologies. Nickel behaves the same as iron, and can be removed by a strong acid cation exchanger. Activated-carbon filtration can be used to reduce the amount of nickel in drinking water, but may not remove it all. Reverse osmosis will remove 97 - 98% of the nickel from drinking water.