Tag: immunization, treatment and antibiotics

Questions Related to immunization, treatment and antibiotics

Which of the following systems in man is affected by the bite of cobra?

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Digestive

  2. Nervous

  3. Excretory

  4. Circulatory

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The venom of cobra consists primarily of neurotoxins (affects the nervous system) with several other compounds. They are capable of delivering a fatal bite. These block the transmission of the nerve impulse by the sensory and motor neurons. So, the correct answer is option B.

Antivenom injections used for treating snake bite are prepared at

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. IVRI, Bareilly

  2. NDRI, Kamal

  3. Haffkine Research Institute, Mumbai

  4. IARI, New Delhi

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Antivenin or anti-snake venom serum is the only drug that can neutralise the snake venom and the victim. It should be injected soon after the bite. They are prepared by immunising horses and mules against the venoms of various types of venomous snakes. These antivenins are prepared in India at Haffkine Institute, Mumbai and Central Research Institute, Kasauli.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Select the mismatched one.

Drug Source Application
$(1)$ Taxol Bark of Yew Anticancerous
$(2)$ Liquorice Leaves of Glycine max Bronchitis
$(3)$ Quinine Bark of Cinchona ledgeriana Antimalarial
$(4)$ Reserpine Roots of Rauwolfia serpentina Against schizophrenia
biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Liquorice or licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. Licorice is taken by mouth for various digestive system complaints including stomach ulcers, heartburn, colic, and ongoing inflammation of the lining of the stomach (chronic gastritis). 

So, the correct option is 'B'.

Penicillin was discovered by 

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. S. Waksman

  2. Robert Koch

  3. Louis Pasteur

  4. Alexander Fleming

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct option is 'Alexander Fleming'.

Resistance to antibiotics may occur by

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Impermeability to the antibiotic

  2. Production of increased levels of the sensitive enzyme

  3. Production of a recombinant enzyme that is insensitive to the antibiotic

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

When the microbe alters in such way that reduces the effectiveness of drug or chemicals to prevent infection and microbes multiply continuously is called as antibiotic resistance. This situation can have occurred due to a continuous supplement of particular antibiotic, production of recombinant enzymes and ineffectiveness of antibiotic. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following was used by Alexander Flemming to prepare an antibiotic to kill bacteria?

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Rhizopus

  2. Yeast

  3. Mushroom

  4. Penicillium notatum

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Penicillin is an antibiotic or the drug produced by the fungal species Penicillium notatum. The antibiotic is very useful in the treatment of the infections caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. This antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Flemming. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Cresol, phenol, lysol are common

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Disinfectants

  2. Antiseptics

  3. Antibiotics

  4. Antibodies

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Disinfectants are the chemical or antimicrobial substance that are applied to non-living objects such as floor to kill microbes e.g., phenol, lysol, cresol etc.

Antiseptics can

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Protect the body from entry of germs

  2. Kill germs

  3. Has no effect on germs

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Antiseptics are mild chemical substances which when applied on the body, kill germs. These substances are in such mild concentration that they cause no harm to the skin and body e.g., lysol, carbolic acid (phenol).

Disinfectants are

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Biological substances

  2. Enzymes

  3. Chemical substances

  4. Hormones

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Disinfectants are the chemical or antimicrobial substance that are applied to non-living objects such as floor to kill microbes e.g., phenol.

Sulphonamides were used to treat microbial infection because they inhibit microbial growth by

biology aids to health immunization, treatment and antibiotics antibodies and antitoxin prevention and treatment of disease

  1. Inhibiting wall formation

  2. Competing with PABA required for synthesis of folic acid

  3. Breaking naked DNA of microbes

  4. Inhibiting union of ribosome subunits and preventing protein synthesis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A folic acid or folate used to synthesize nucleic acid. Sulpha drugs inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase by attaching on the active site. DHPP and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) reacts in the presence enzyme dihydropteroate synthase for the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria. The sulphonamides compete with the PABA required for the synthesis of folic acid.
So, the correct answer is option B.