Tag: introduction to natural resources (eco)

• Resource planning is a complex process which identifies present and future resources and their needs.
  
• It involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation of resources.
  
• The first step of resource planning is identifying the resources present in a region.
  

Tidal energy is converting the energy of tides into more useful form of energy/power for eg Electricity. It functions under water. Since it could be renewed or used again and again it is of the replenish-able type.

Based on the availability, resources are classified as renewable and non-renewable.

Non-renewable: these are the sources that cannot be renewed and available in limited quantities. Examples include coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas

Iron is a non-renewable source of energy

Chipko movement was a forest conservation movement in India. It began in 1973. Alalknandha floods alarmed people of how deforestation has resulted in disturbance. Thus they took up this movement and carried on a number of rallies to create awareness among people. They protested against commercial logging operations. And finally deforestation was prevented.

Deforestation is the process of cutting down forests in order to satisfy human needs like laying roads, for the purpose of wood for furniture etc.

Deforestation has many negative effects like Increase in temperature on the earth, Ground water depletion, and Weather change in different parts of the world. Soil erosion and degradation of soil, reduction of forest products and loss of biodiversity. But it cannot increase the fertility of soil and give more yield.

Afforestation is the process of planting trees and forming a forest where there were no trees before.

Afforestation is different from reforestation. Reforestation is bringing back the forests which were destroyed because of deforestation.

Special afforestation programs include vanmahotsav, haritha haram etc

Forest are classified into Reserved Forest, a Protected Forest or a Village Forest according to Forest Act of 1878. Land rights on reserved forests and protected forests are given according to the orders passed by government.

The main difference between these two are that reserved forests activities like hunting, grazing etc. are totally banned. Reserved forests may be upgraded to the status of wild life sanctuary and then to National Park.

In protected areas activities like hunting, grazing etc. are permitted to the local communities.  

All the forests and wastelands other than the reserved and protected forests are considered unclassed forests. Most of the forests in the north-eastern states of India and Gujarat are unclassed forests            

Reforestation is bringing back the forests which were destroyed because of deforestation.

It is different from afforestation. Afforestation is a process of planting trees and forming a forest where there were no trees before.

• Joint forest management (JFM) is originated in West Bengal accidentally in 1971. According to this policy, there exists partnership between state and local communities in safeguarding forests.
  
• Forests are protected from illegal harvesting and exporting of timber. Forests are also protected from fire and grazing, in exchange people get non-timber products and a share of revenue from the sale of timber.