Tag: importance and principles of secularism

The word Sovereign means that a State is not under the control of a foreign power. Sovereignty implies that it is not subject to the control of any other State or external power. 

India seeks to secure social, economic and political justice for its people which are specified in the Preamble. It means equal, free and fair opportunities to the people for participation in the political process which includes the right to vote. The Constitution of India provides for a liberal democracy in which all the people have the right and freedom to participate.

Fraternity refers to friendship and mutual support within a group having similar interests. The value of fraternity was borrowed by the Indian Constitution from the French Revolution where the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity emerged. It can be referred to as brotherhood or kinship among a closely linked group of people. Hence it is often called a 'We-feeling'.

'Secular' means in the Indian Context that there is no official religion for the Indian state.
Hence, option $A$ is the correct answer.

Secular means freedom to follow any religion. India has secularism where state will not interfere in citizen's religion. State will maintain equidistance from all religions.

Option C is the correct answer because secularism is a belief system that rejects religion, or the belief that religion should not be part of the affairs of the state or part of public education. The principles of separation of church and state and of keeping religion out of the public school system are an example of secularism.

India is a  Secular State, which means that there is no official religion in India. The great Indian leaders like Gandhi and Nehru did not accept this ideology of official religion. They declared India as a secular state, which is the common Home of the Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Parsis and all other citizens. All the citizens of India are Indian. 

Secularism in India means equal treatment of all religions by the state. With the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976, the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation. However, neither India's constitution nor its laws define the relationship between religion and state. The laws implicitly require the state and its institutions to recognize and accept all religions, enforce parliamentary laws instead of religious laws, and respect pluralism. India does not have an official state religion.

• Communalist is an individual who is interested in one's own minority or ethnic group than in society as a whole. 
• Secularist believes that religion should not be involved with the ordinary social and political activities of a country. 
• Casteist discriminates against people based on their caste. 
• Feminist believes that women should have the same rights, power, opportunities as men and be treated equally. 
  

The reason that the Chinese Government did not manage famine effectively during 1951-1961 was that the government was communist. The Communist Party's official account of the Great Famine shows that the government policies were at fault. The Three Red Banners- General Line for Socialist construction, the Great Lea Forward, and the people's communes- laid out how Mao's socialist policies would transform China. But they are the defacto culprits of the Great Famine.