Tag: classification and variation

• Interferons are a group of signalling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. Generally, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to make their anti-viral defences.
• A paratope also called an antigen-binding site or Fab. It is a part of an antibody which recognizes and binds to an antigen. It is a small region of the antibody containing the antibody's heavy and light chains.
• Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes).
• Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. Histamine is involved in the inflammatory response and has a central role as a mediator of itching.
• So, the correct answer is 'a-iii,b-i,c-iv,d-ii'.

Interferon is the name given to a group of proteins known primarily for their role in inhibiting viral infections and in stimulating the entire immune system to fight disease. Research has also shown that these proteins play numerous roles in regulating many kinds of cell functions. Interferons can promote or hinder the ability of some cells to differentiate, that is, to become specialized in their function. They can inhibit cell division, which is one reason why they hold promise for stopping cancer growth. Recent studies have also found that one interferon may play an important role in the early biological processes of pregnancy. Although once thought to be a potential cure-all for a number of viral diseases and cancers, subsequent research has shown that interferons are much more limited in their potential. 

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses. Interferons are a group of proteins called cytokines produced by white blood cells, fibroblasts, or T-cells as part of an immune response to a viral infection or other immune trigger. The name of the proteins comes from their ability to interfere with the production of new virus particles.

Interferon was named for its ability to interfere with viral proliferation. The various forms of interferon are the body’s most rapidly produced and important defense against viruses. Interferons can also combat bacterial and parasitic infections, inhibit cell division, and promote or impede the differentiation of cells. They are produced by all vertebrate animals and possibly by some invertebrates as well.

Interferons are categorized as cytokines, small proteins that are involved in intercellular signaling. Interferon is secreted by cells in response to stimulation by a virus or other foreign substance, but it does not directly inhibit the virus’s multiplication. Rather, it stimulates the infected cells and those nearby to produce proteins that prevent the virus from replicating within them.

So, the correct option is 'False'.

Interferons are a group of proteins called cytokines produced by WBC, fibroblasts, or T-cells as part of an immune response to a viral infection or other immune triggers. Interferons are proteinaceous in nature but not glycolipid in nature, thus interferon which prevents viral multiplication are protein particles.

Interferons are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or tumour cells. They are a group of glycoproteins, produced by the immune system, that prevent viral replication in infected cells.