Tag: innate and learned behaviour

(a) Opiates are derived from opium, the dried latex of poppy plant. Heroin is a semisynthetic opiate obtained from acetylation of a natural opiate morphine.

(b) Benzedrine and Methedrine are synthetic stimulants which stimulate nervous system and increase alertness and excitement.

(c) Ganja and Charas are hallucinogens obtained from Cannabis sativa (Hemp).

(d) Nembutal A and seconal are barbiturates, a type of sedative drugs that induce sleep. These are depressants of central nervous system and lower the activity of brain leading to sleep.

So, the correct answer is 'a-t; b-r; c-p; d-q'.

Amphetamines are drugs that are synthetic stimulants. They are called as pep-pills or anti-sleep pills. They stimulate respiratory system, reduce hunger and sleep. They are included in dope test for athletes. High doses of amphetamines drugs can cause sleeplessness and euphoria (feeling of excitement). There are many amphetamine drugs including para-Methoxyamphetamine, known as superman.

Analgesic drugs are pain killers. They are used to relieve pain. They act on central and peripheral nervous system. There are many group of analgesics such as simple analgesics (paracetamol and aspirin), non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen and Naproxen Sodium) and opioids (morphine, pethidine). These drugs are sold under medical prescription and their long term use can develop tolerance in the body due to which the effectivity of drugs is used.

So, the correct answer is 'Relieve pain'.

Consumption of alcohol can cause cirrhosis in liver, a disease in which permanent damage occurs to liver. Cirrhosis is a degenerative disease of liver in which liver gradually hardens and dries up as its cells are replaced by fibrous tissue. The scar tissue builds up in the liver and this leads to change in structure of liver which blocks the blood flow. Cirrhosis can cause varicose veins which can rupture and cause to internal bleeding. Consuming too much alcohol ultimately leads to liver failure.

Caffeine is a stimulant of central nervous system and present in non-alcoholic beverages like tea, coffee, cola and cocoa. It is a kind of psychoactive drug. It is a bitter and white crystalline purine. It increases alertness and relieves drowsiness and fatigue. It prevents absorption of calcium in bones and hence, excess amount can lead to osteoporosis. Withdrawal of caffeine can cause headache and muscle ache.

So, the correct answer is 'Caffeine'.

Cocaine is a natural stimulant obtained from leaves of Erythroxylon coca plant. It is also known as coke or crack. It is a good local anaesthetic. It delays fatigue and excessive dosage can cause hallucinations. Crack is base form of cocaine. It is formed by heating cocaine with baking soda and water. The mixture is cooled to separate out solid particles called rocks. It is then smocked in this form.

So, the correct answer is 'Erythroxylon'.

Fatty liver syndrome occurs due to excessive intake of alcohol. It is the build-up of fat in liver. Gradually the liver hardens and dries up. The healthy cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue. This leads to build up of scar tissue in liver and leads to cirrhosis. Due to this, activities like protein synthesis and glycolysis are greatly reduced in liver. The structure of liver also gets changed and blood flow is blocked.

So, the correct answer is 'Alcohol'.

Cocaine or coke or crack, is a natural stimulant. Stimulants are the drugs that stimulate nervous system and increase alertness and excitement. Excess dosage of cocaine can cause hallucinations. It interferes with the transportation of dopamine, a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is a chemical messenger and carries signals or nerve impulses from one brain cell to other. From one neuron to other, dopamine is passed through transporter proteins. Cocaine blocks these proteins which result in high dopamine levels in the synaptic gap and this can cause damage to brain cells.

So, the correct answer is 'Dopamine'.