Tag: policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule

Questions Related to policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule

Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct response from the potions given thereafter:

List-I List-II
a) The British government established monopoly in opium trade in Bengal. 1) 1780s
b) The British government exported 50000 chests of opium from Bengal annually. 2) 1820s
c) Opium production in British occupied territories declined rapidly. 3) 1870
d) Village headmen started paying peasants for producing opium in advance. 4) 1773
political science peasants and farmers colonialism and tribal societies peasants and adivasi revolts policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule

  1. a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1

  2. a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

  3. a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4

  4. a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • The British East India Company established a monopoly on opium cultivation in the Indian province of Bengal, where they developed a method of growing opium poppies cheaply and abundantly so that they could sell it in china. It took place in 1773.
  • In the year 1870 British government exported 50,000 chests of opium from Bengal annually.
  • In 1820s opium production decreased rapidly in British occupied territories. Production increased in princely states and Rajasthan which are unoccupied territories because here, the local traders were offering much higher prices to peasants which made the peasants interested to grow opium.
  • In 1780s village headmen started paying peasants for producing opium in advance so as to attract poor farmers to grow opium.

In many parts of England, the farmers began to grow turnip as:
(i) Turnip improved the soil and made it fertile
(ii) Turnip was a good fodder crop and relished by the cattle
(iii) This crop had the capacity to increase nitrogen content of the soil
(iv) Turnip became the staple food for the people
political science peasants and farmers colonialism and tribal societies peasants and adivasi revolts policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule

  1. (i), (ii), (iv) are correct, (iii) is incorrect

  2. (i), (iii), (iv) are correct, (ii) is incorrect

  3. (i), (ii), (iii) are correct, (iv) is incorrect

  4. All options are correct

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The European peasants had discovered that planting crops like clover and turnip improved the soil and made it more fertile. Turnip was a good fodder crop for cattle. These crops had the capacity to increase the nitrogen content of the soil. Nitrogen was important for crop growth. Cultivation of the same soil over a few years depleted the nitrogen in the soil and reduced its fertility. By restoring nitrogen, turnip and clover made the soil fertile once again

Which of the two aspects does diversification into allied productive activities include with respect to rural India? 

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. Methodological shift such as a change in cropping patterns and occupational shift including a change into other activities such as livestock, poultry, fisheries etc.

  2. Occupational shift including a change into other activities such as livestock, poultry, fisheries etc. and Seasonal shift such as changing from Kharif to Rabi seasons.

  3. Methodological shift such as a change in cropping patterns and Seasonal shift such as changing from Kharif to Rabi seasons.

  4. Seasonal shift such as changing from Kharif to Rabi seasons and Spatial shift such as migration from rural to urban areas.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Diversification includes two aspects -one relates to change in cropping pattern and the other relates to a shift of the workforce from agriculture to other allied activities (livestock, poultry, fisheries etc.) and non-agriculture sector.

As agriculture is already overcrowded, a major proportion of the increasing labour force needs to find alternate employment opportunities in other non-farm sectors. The non-farm economy has several segments in it providing ample opportunities.

Who is the architect of the project 'Operation Flood' launched in 1970.

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. Tribhuvandas Patel

  2. Lal Bahadur Shastri

  3. Varghese Kurien

  4. All of the Above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Verghese Kurien, the chairman and founder of Amul, was named the chairman of NDDB which launched 'Operation Flood' by the then Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri. 

He gave the professional management skills and necessary thrust to the cooperative and is considered the architect of India's White Revolution (Operation Flood).

Which of the following does not fall under the dynamic sub-sectors to allied productive activities in the agricultural sector?

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. Agro-processing industries

  2. Leather industry

  3. Handloom industry

  4. Tourism Industry

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The dynamic sub-sectors to the agricultural sector include agro-processing industries, food processing industries, leather industry, tourism, etc.

As agriculture is already overcrowded, a major proportion of the increasing labour force needs to find alternate employment opportunities in other non-farm sectors. Non-farm economy has several segments in it - some possess dynamic linkages that permit healthy growth while others are in subsistence, low productivity propositions.

Those sectors which have the potential but seriously lack infrastructure and other support include traditional home-based industries like pottery, crafts, handlooms etc.

Which of the following is one of the reasons why IT can play a critical role in achieving sustainabledevelopment and food security in the thetwenty-first century?

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. IT can help in educating people from rural areas about the risks involved in farm-related occupations.

  2. IT can help in disseminating information regarding prices, weather and soil conditions for

    growing different crops etc.

  3. IT can shift occupations from the farm economy by pushing dependent people to urban areas.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The IT has revolutionised many sectors in the Indian economy. There is broad consensus that IT can play a critical role in achieving sustainable development and food security in the twenty-first century. 

Governments can predict areas of food insecurity and vulnerability using appropriate information and software tools so that action can be taken to prevent or reduce the likelihood of an emergency.It also has a positive impact on the agriculture sector as it can disseminateinformation regarding emerging technologies and its applications, prices, weather and soil conditions for growing different crops etc. 

Though IT is, by itself, no catalyst for change it can act as a tool for releasing the creative potential and knowledge embedded in the society. It also has the potential of employment generation in rural areas.

Mixed farming refers to ___________.

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. Changing crops from season to season

  2. Alternate growing of crops

  3. Cultivation with animal husbandry

  4. Growing many crops on the same field

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

C is the correct option.

Mixed farming is a type of farming which involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock. The cultivation of crops alongside the rearing of animals for meat or milk defines mixed farming. For example, a mixed farm may grow cereal crops such as wheat or rye and also keep cattle, sheep, pigs or poultry.

Why is there an urgent need in rural India, where agriculture is a major source of livelihood, to diversify into allied productive activities?

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. There is greater risk in depending exclusively on farming for a livelihood.

  2. To provide supplementary gainful employment during off-seasons such as Rabi.

  3. The agricultural sector is already overcrowded.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The need for diversification arises from the fact that there is greater risk in depending exclusively on farming for a livelihood. Diversification towards new areas is necessary not only to reduce the risk from the agriculture sector but also to provide productive sustainable livelihood options to rural people. 

Much of the agricultural employment activities are concentrated in the Kharif season. But during the Rabi season, in areas where there are inadequate irrigation facilities, it becomes difficult to find gainful employment. Therefore expansion into other sectors is essential to provide supplementary gainful employment and in realising higher levels of income for rural people to overcome poverty and other tribulations.

Also, agriculture is already overcrowded, a major proportion of the increasing labour force needs to find alternate employment opportunities in other non-farm sectors.

Which of the following activities allied to the farm economy have good potential but lack infrastructure?

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. Food Processing

  2. Tourism

  3. Pottery

  4. Leather

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The sectors which are allied to the rural farm economy and have the potential but seriously lack infrastructure and other support include traditional home-based industries like pottery, crafts, handlooms etc.

As agriculture is already overcrowded, a major proportion of the increasing labour force needs to find alternate employment opportunities in other non-farm sectors. However, there is an immediate necessity to develop the same to improve them to provide supplementary gainful employment and in realising higher levels of income for rural people to overcome poverty and other tribulations.

'Operation Flood transformed India from a _______ to a ___________.

economics the state of the indian economy on the eve of independence diversification into productive activities policy of agriculture, industry and foreign trade under british rule cottage and small scale industries

  1. Net importer of milk, Net exporter of milk.

  2. Net buyer of milk, Net seller of milk.

  3. Milk-deficient nation, world's largest milk producer.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Operation Flood, launched in 1970, was a project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), which was the world's biggest dairy development program. 

It transformed India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the USA in 1998, with about 17 per cent of global output in 201011. In 30 years it doubled milk available per person and made dairy farming Indias largest self-sustainable rural employment generator.

It was launched to help farmers direct their own development, placing control of the resources they create in their own hands. All this was achieved not merely by mass production, but by production by the masses; the process has been called the white revolution.