Tag: human health and disease

Questions Related to human health and disease

Cannabinoid receptors present principally in the

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Heart

  2. Brain

  3. Liver

  4. Kidney

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cannabinoid receptors are those receptors which are mainly present in the brain but are also present in nearly all the organs of the body. They are the receptors that are responsible for the physiological functions as well as the functioning of the body. They are primarily found in the nervous system and brain region.

So, the correct option is 'Brain'.

In an epileptic patient,doctor administer a $GABA$ facilitatory  drug. After considerable time fits are absent in the patient.What would be the probable mechanism of that drug 

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. It cause blocking of neurotransmitter at synaps and forms a complex

  2. It desensitize post synaptic membrane for neurotransmitter

  3. It inhibits $Na^+-K^+AT$ pase pump

  4. It cause hyperpolarisation of post synaptic membrane and generate IPSP

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. 
So the correct option is 'It causes blocking of neurotransmitter at synapses and forms a complex'.

Drug that increases cardiovascular effects is?

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Nicotine $+$ Cocaine

  2. Benzodiazepine $+$ Barbitunate

  3. Barbiturates $+$ Novacaine

  4. Insulin $+$ amphetamine

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Anaemia in alcoholics may be due to deficiency of

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin D

  3. Folic acid and vitamin B$ _{12}$

  4. Vitamin C

Show answer
Correct Option: C

In an alcohol addict

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. The blood sugar level is low

  2. The blood sugar level is high

  3. The blood sugar level is normal

  4. The sugar absorption is impaired

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Excessive alcohol consumption causes chronic inflammation of the pancreas i.e. pancreatitis, which impairs its ability to secrete insulin. Insulin is a hormone necessary for maintaining the normal concentration of glucose in the blood. It promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen i.e. glycogenesis for storage in liver and muscle cells. Deficiency of insulin raises the blood sugar glucose and may lead to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Cardiomyopathy is associated with

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Occassional alcohol consumption

  2. Moderate alcohol consumption

  3. Chronic alcohol consumption

  4. Insufficient alcohol consumption

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of abnormal heart muscle. The heart becomes enlarged ann it is harder for the heart to pump and deliver blood to the rest of the body. The excessive consumption of alcohol is one of the causes of cardiomyopathy.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Consumption of methanol can result in blindness; Since it

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Inhibits neurotransuitter GABA

  2. Is released from retina

  3. Generally damages optic nerve

  4. Is stored in cornea and tear glands

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The consumption of methanol causes 'Toxic Optic Neuropathy' (TON). It is caused when the optic nerve is damaged by toxin which leads to visual impairment. This condition often presents as a painless, progressive, bilateral, symmetrical visual decline with variable optic nerve head damage. So, the correct answer is option C.

Continuous and excessive intake of alcohol causes

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

  2. Fatty liver 

  3. Cirrhosis and hypertension

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Laenec syndrome is Laennec cirrhosis which is a disease of the liver in which the normal lobular architecture is lost.
Fatty liver syndrome is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis.
Cirrhosis is a stage of scarring/fibrosis of the liver caused by many liver diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'All of the above'.

Peripheral vascular disease is most common in smokers which can lead to

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Gangrene

  2. Thrombosis

  3. Embolism

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Peripheral vascular disease is commonly used to refer to peripheral artery disease, meaning narrowing or occlusion by atherosclerotic plaques of arteries outside of the heart and brain.
Risk factors for peripheral artery disease include elevated blood cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and smoking. Complications of peripheral artery disease include sores that do not heal, ulcers, gangrene or infections in the extremities. A peripheral vascular disease that affects the veins include deep vein thrombosis, varicose veins. Pulmonary embolism is also caused by the blood clot due to peripheral vascular disease.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Alcoholism leads to

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Amnesia

  2. Lung-damage

  3. Cancer

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Alcoholism causes amnesia. The person drinks, does things and cannot remember them afterwards.

Essentially, amnesia is loss of memory. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that was caused. There are two main types of amnesia, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.