Tag: heredity: from parents to offsprings

The principle of segregation is also called as the law of purity of gametes. A gamete may carry either the dominant or the recessive factor but not both as we find in F$ _1$ individuals. The gametes which are formed are always pure for a particular character. This is why it is called either as the principle of segregation or law of purity of gametes. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

DNA is the unit of heredity and determines the genetic traits of organisms. Inheritance of genetic traits from parent to offspring is ensured by processes of meiosis and syngamy. Meiosis is the process of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes and thus, the DNA content to half in the resultant daughter cells i.e. gametes. Fusion of male and female gametes during syngamy restores the DNA content in the resultant offspring. Thus, each offspring consists of half paternal and half maternal DNA which in turn determines its traits. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Law of inheritance was proposed by Gregor Mendel and was known as Mendels law of inheritance. He was the first to introduce that characteristic of parents can be in cooperated in the offsprings of the next generation. Therefore, (d) is the correct answer.

Mendel proposed the law of inheritance of traits from the first generation to the next generation. Law of inheritance is made up of three laws: Law of segregation, law of independent assortment and law of dominance. Therefore, (D) is the correct answer.

Mendel explained that one or more traits can be inherited from the parents individually and can be transmitted to the next generation. Mendels law of inheritance says that at least one trait is inherited by the progeny from the parent. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.

 In experiments performed by Mendel all the genes showed independent assortment, in which genes separate from each other independently and there was no sign of any linked gene so he could not explain the concept of linkage, because he never observed it .

Law of segregation states that alleles for genes segregate from each other whether it is for tall (TT) or dwarf (tt) so that the gamete carries one allele for each gene, whereas law of dominance states that the phenotype which is expressed is the dominant character and other is recessive, since there are both tall & dwarf plants, this means that both characters are expressed . 

The identical twins are alike and they are produced from the same zygote. They have the same genome and so, the genes are alike. Due to these, the girls will have the same phenotypic appearance. There will be differences in the random repeats region which do not code for any protein. The mitochondrial DNA will be same as they have been inherited from the same mother. However, the mitochondrial genes are not involved in the phenotype expression. 

Gregor Johann Mendel was born in Heizendorf, of Austria. He conducted hybridization experiments on garden pea and first explained the principles of inheritance. Finally, he postulated Law of Inheritance. So he is regarded as Father of Genetics.

So, the correct option is ‘Laws of inheritance’.

Law of segregation and Law of independent assortment are based on the mechanism of meiosis, because these principles show segregation of characters and independent movement of characters.

So, the correct option is ‘Meiosis’.