Tag: cloning

Questions Related to cloning

Population of cells derived from a single parent cell is called

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. Symmetrical cell

  2. Diploid

  3. Haploid

  4. Clone

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Clone are cells or organism that is genetically identical to the original cell or organism from which it is derived. Many unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeasts, are clones of parent cells generated by either binary fission or budding. The body cells of plants and animals are clones ultimately derived from the mitosis (cell reproduction) of a single fertilized egg. More narrowly, a clone can be defined as an individual organism that was grown from a single body cell of its parent and that is genetically identical to it.
So the correct option is 'clone'.

A large number of bacteria produced from a single bacterium is called as 

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. Deme

  2. Population

  3. Clones

  4. Offspring

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Cell clones can form by cell division from a single transformed cell and be propagated to produce a large number of cells with an identical foreign DNA molecules that we wish to clone into the cells, a process known as transformation. Amplification process produces a huge number of identical bacterial cell clones, each with the same foreign DNA sequence.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

'Cloning' is meant 

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. For production of HGH gene is E. coli

  2. To preserve the genotype of organism

  3. To replace the original gene

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The clone is a population of cells or individuals which are genetically similar to the donor cell or individual. It can be performed by using the complete organisms or the cells from the single parent through the method of asexual reproduction. Its main purpose is to preserve the genotype of an organism. The cloning is of two types namely: 
i. Gene cloning at the molecular level and
ii. Cloning of the organisms.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Two offsprings having the same genetic material and the same body features, produced by one parent through asexual reproduction, are called as

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. Identical twins

  2. Fraternal twins

  3. Callus

  4. Clones

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Correct Option: D

Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. Retrovirus

  2. Baculovirus

  3. $Salmonella$ $typhimurium$

  4. $Rhizopus$ $nigricans$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Retroviruses, though have single-stranded RNA genomes but provide perhaps the most promising vector system of all. During the process of reverse transcription, sequences from the termini of viral RNA are duplicated to generate long terminal repeats(LTRs). These long terminal repeats contain both the promoter and the polyadenylation signal for the transcription of viral mRNAs. The specificity of proviral DNA integration is also determined by the long terminal repeats. Although retroviruses can integrate at many sites within the cellular genome, integrative recombination always occurs at particular sites at the ends of the LTRs. The sequences appropriately inserted between the two LTRs will be integrated intact which contrasts sharply with the integration of papovavirus or adenovirus DNA, during which extensive rearrangements of the integrated viral sequences are commonplace. A further great advantage of retroviruses is that they are natural transducing viruses.

Which is not a key step in the process of DNA molecular cloning?

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. Heat shock at $42^oC$ for 90 seconds.

  2. Make DNA competent to take up plasmid with use of calcium chloride

  3. Seal plasmid carrying targeted genes into host cells genome using ligase.

  4. Introduce genes for cloning into a plasmid vector using restriction enzymes.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A- The steps involved in the process of DNA molecular cloning are – selected DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid utilizing restriction enzymes and DNA ligase enzymes. The produced molecule of recombinant DNA is then introduced into a selected and grown up bacteria which reproduce by producing an exact copy of the plasmid and transferring it to their progeny.
So, the correct answer is 'Heat shock at 42oC42oC for 90 seconds'

Plants having similar genotypes produced by plant breeding are called as 

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. Clone

  2. Haploid

  3. Autopolypoid

  4. Genome

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. The term clone is used in horticulture to refer to descendants of a single plant which were produced by vegetative reproduction. Many horticultural plant cultivars are clones, derived from a single individual, multiplied by some process other than sexual reproduction.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Dolly is a product of

zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Animal cloning

  3. Cell fusion

  4. Gene therapy

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer ie, cloning me.method called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer or SCNT. A clone has the same DNA sequence as its parent and so they are genetically identical. In SCNT, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced with the nucleus of a donor adult cell. Since 99.9% of the cell’s DNA is contained in the nucleus, the resulting animal will share almost exactly the same DNA as the original donor cell. So, the correct answer is option B.