Tag: seeds - structure and germination

Questions Related to seeds - structure and germination

Choose the correct match out of the following.

   List I    List II
 A  Exalbuminous seed  1  Hypocotyl grows faster
 B  Epigeal germination  2  Endospermic seed
 C  Albuminous seed  3  Non-endospermic seed
 D  Hypogeal germination  4  Epicotyl grows faster
botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. A-3, B- 1, C- 2, D- 4

  2. A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

  3. A- 2, B- 4, C- 1, D- 3

  4. A- 1, B- 4, C- 3, C- 2

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Seeds that possess a special food storage tissue called as the endosperm are said to be albuminous and those which have no such tissue for storage are said to be exalbuminous or non-endospermic. In albuminous seeds, food is being stored in endosperm the cotyledons are small and thin while on exalbuminous seeds cotyledon store up food and become thick and fleshy. When germination of seed takes place then food is used by embryo whether it is stored in endosperm or in cotyledon. Epigeal germination implies that the cotyledons are pushed above ground. The hypocotyl (part of the stem below the cotyledon) grows, while the epicotyl (part of the stem above the cotyledon) stays the same length. In this way, the hypocotyl pushes the cotyledon upward. Hypogeal germination implies that the cotyledons stay below the ground. The epicotyl grows, while the hypocotyl stays the same length. In this way, the epicotyl pushes the plumule above the ground. 

Which of the following plant's seeds are used as 'Jeweller's weight'?

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Cajanus cajan

  2. Lens culinaris

  3. Glycine max

  4. Abrus precatorius

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Rosary pea (Abrus precatorius) is a slender, perennial climber, that twines around trees, shrubs, and hedges. It is a legume with alternate compound leaves, 2 to 5 inches long, with 5 to 15 pairs of oblong leaflets. 

A key characteristic in identifying rosary pea is the lack of a terminal leaflet on the compound leaves. The plant is best known for its seeds, which are used as beads in native jewelry, as well as in percussion instruments. Necklaces and other ornaments made from the seeds are worn by both children and adults. The red variety with black eye is the most common coloring for the seeds, but there are black, white and green varieties as well. These seeds are toxic due to the presence of abrin. The outer shell of the seed protects the contents from the stomachs of most mammals. Formerly Indians used these seeds to weigh gold using a measure called as 'Ratti'.

Cotyledons and testa respectively are edible parts in

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. French bean and coconut

  2. Cashew nut and litchi

  3. Groundnut and pomegranate

  4. Walnut and tamarind

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The edible parts of the seeds mentioned are as follows,
French Bean- cotyledons, Coconut - endosperm, testa, cotyledon and embryo
cashew nut - cotyledon, litchi - juicy aril,
groundnut - seeds, pomegranate - testa,
walnut - cotyledons, tamarind - mesocarp,
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

In cereals, one or few outermost layers of the endosperm become highly specialised morphologically and physiological and constitute the aleurone tissue. Which of the following statements regarding aleurone tissue(or aleurone cells) is incorrect?

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Aleurone cells are characterised by the presence of thin walls and vacuolated cytoplasm with single small nucleus

  2. Aleurone grains, rich in proteins are present in these cells

  3. Aleurone grains present in aleurone cells are closely associated with sphaerosomes

  4. During seed germination, the reserve food of endosperm is digested by the activity of certain hydrolytic enzymes secreted by aleurone cells

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The aleurone cells are characterized by the presence of thick walls and non-vacuolated cytoplasm interconnected by plasmodesmata. The most prominent organelles of these cells are aleurone grains, followed by sphaerosomes. Aleurone grains are surrounded by a single unit membrane which is closely associated with sphaerosomes. Aleurone grains possess two kinds of inclusion, besides the ground substance: (i) Globoids, present within the globoidal cavities, contain phytic and lipids; (ii) Protein-carbohydrate bodies, which are $1-1.5\mu$m in diameter. The ground substance also contains high concentration of protein, but it is less than that in the protein-carbohydrate bodies.

Aleurone tissue has received considerable importance in studies of plant hormone action. During seed germination the reserve food (starch and protein) in the endosperm cells is digested by the activity of certain hydrolytic enzymes (amylases and proteases) which are secreted by the aleurone cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Aleurone cells are characterised by the presence of thin walls and vacuolated cytoplasm with single small nucleus'.

Which of the following is a simple one seeded fruit which has pappus?

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Achene

  2. Cypsela

  3. Nut

  4. Regma

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cypsela Is a simple one seeded fruit which has pappus. This is a dry fruit which is very tiny belonging to the family Asteraceae and also has an additional silken, furry, hairy structure called as the pappus. This plays an important role in seed dispersal. 
Achene is also a dry fruit but does not belong to asteraceae, and lacks pappus. 
A nut is much bigger in size unlike the cypsella and lacks pappus, though it is a dry fruit.
As regma fruit belongs to euphorbiaceae and cypsella belongs to Asteraceae.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Cotton of commerce is obtained from

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Root hairs on Salmalia

  2. Trichomes on seed coat of Gossypium

  3. Root hairs on Gossypium

  4. Bast of Gossypium

  5. Bast of Salmalia

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cotton taken for commercial purpose is a soft, fluffy staple fibre growing in a boll from trichomes on the seed coat of the plants of the genus Gossypium  of the family Malvaceae. The cotton fibre is pure cellulose and under natural conditions, these bolls tend to increase the dispersal of the seeds.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Cotyledons and testa respectively are edible parts in

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Cashewnut and litchi

  2. Groundnut and pomegranate

  3. Walnut and tamarind

  4. French bean and coconut

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Seeds are the dispersal and propagation units of the all seed plants which includes gymnosperms and angiosperms. Seeds which develop from an ovule after fertilization consists of a coat or testa that encloses an embryo made up of a plumule, a radicle and one or two cotyledons.
The testa which needs to split open by the radicle for germination to proceed  protects the seed from fungi, bacteria and insects. The cotyledons which are fleshy in groundnut are edible and in case of pomegranate, the fleshy testa is edible.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Coir of commerce is obtained from

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Endocarp of coconut

  2. Mesocarp of coconut

  3. Stem of jute

  4. Leaves of coconut

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Husk fiber 'Coir of commerce' is obtained from the mesocarp of Coconut (Cocos nucifera).

So, the correct answer is 'Option B-Mesocarp of coconut'.

The largest fruit is that of

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Lodoicea

  2. Borassus

  3. Cocos

  4. Carica

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

-Largest fruit, as well as the largest seed, is of Lodoicea maldivica (double coconut, weight is 18 Kgs.)

So, the correct answer is 'Option A- Lodoicea'.

Cotyledons and testa respectively are edible parts in

botany seeds - structure and germination what is a seed? seeds seed

  1. Walnut and coconut

  2. Coconut and mango

  3. Cashewnut and litchi

  4. Groundnut and pomegranate

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  1. Endosperm the white fleshy part commonly called as meat is the edible part of the coconut.
  2. Cotyledons are the edible part in walnut and cashew nuts.
  3. Mesocarp is the edible part of mango.
  4. Aril is the edible part of litchi.
  5. Cotyledon and testa are edible in groundnut and pomegranate.
So the correct option is 'Groundnut and pomegranate'.