Tag: use of microorganisms in medicine

Questions Related to use of microorganisms in medicine

Plants have been a source of important compounds for human medicine. All of these compounds have been made from plant parts except

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Morphine

  2. Aspirin

  3. Vinblastine, to treat cancer

  4. Coumadin, an anticoagulant

  5. Penicillin, an antibiotic

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Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Penicillin antibiotic is derived from the fungi Penicillium whereas the other compounds are derived from plant parts like morphine from opium latex, aspirin from salicylate-rich plants, vinblastine from Vinca rosea and coumadin is another name for warfarin.

Which among the following is not an antibiotic?

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Citric acid

  2. Streptomycin

  3. Cephalosporin

  4. Griseofulvin

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Streptomycin is an antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections like tuberculosis, endocarditis, brucellosis, plague, rat bite fever, etc. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
  • Cephalosporin is a beta-lactam antibiotic. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections like respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections.
  • Griseofulvin is an antifungal antibiotic. It is used in the treatment of skin infections like ringworm, athlete's foot, infections of the scalp, fingernails, etc.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Citric acid.'

The chemicals released by bacteria, which kills other bacteria are

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Antibodies

  3. Antigens

  4. Allergens

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Antibiotic is a chemical which is released by a bacteria and inhibits the growth of other bacteria. It acts by either killing bacteria or preventing their reproduction. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Antibiotics.'

An antibiotic, which is active against fungi is

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Neomycin

  2. Terramycin

  3. Polyenes

  4. Streptomycin

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances produced by microorganisms. They are used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Examples of antibiotics include Neomycin, terramycin, Streptmomycin. Polyenes are antifungal antibiotics produced by bacterium Streptomyces species which are used to treat fungal infections. They act by changing the fungal cell membrane by complexing with sterols.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Polyenes.'

Identify a fungus with medicinal importance.

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Penicillium

  2. Cercospora

  3. Agaricus

  4. Saccharomyces

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin.

So, the correct option is 'Penicillium'.

Broad spectrum antibiotics are the ones which attack

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Pathogens as well as hosts

  2. A wide range of pathogens

  3. Only a pathogen

  4. Only host

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Correct Option: B

Mode of action of Novobiocin is

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Induces abnormal protein synthesis

  2. Inhibits DNA polymerisation

  3. Interferes with protein synthesis

  4. Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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Correct Option: B

The molecular structure of penicillin antibiotic is

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Macrocyclic lactone

  2. Glycoside linkage in amino sugar

  3. $\beta$-lactam ring

  4. Polyaena and nonpolyaene

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Penicillin is obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. Its structure contains β- lactam ring with a molecular structure of 339.4 g/mol. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct answer is 'β- lactam ring'

Which of the following antibiotics kills bacterial cells by inhibiting the polymerisation of peptidoglycans?

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Aminoglycoside

  2. Fluoroquinolones

  3. Quinine

  4. Penicillin

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct option is 'Penicillin.

Some antibiotics act ionospheres, which means that they ______________________.

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Interfere directly with bacterial cell wall synthesis

  2. Increase cell membrane permeability to specific ions

  3. Inhibit both transcription and translation

  4. Inhibit electrophoresis separation of ions

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Correct Option: A