Tag: stem cell

Questions Related to stem cell

Cellular totipotency was for the first time demonstrated by

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  1. F. C. Steward

  2. P. Maheshwari

  3. W. H. Muir

  4. Y. P. S. Bajaj

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Totipotency was first demonstrated by Steward and Reinert in the 1950s. Professor F. C. Steward discovered and laid the foundation for plant tissue culture; genetic engineering and plant biotechnology of food crops or trees.

Xenograft is a graft

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  1. Between genetically identical individuals.

  2. Between individuals of different species.

  3. From one individual to another of same species.

  4. From one area to another of same individual.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • In Xenotransplantation, Xenos means foreign or strange.
  •  It is also called a Heterologous transplant.
  •  In xenotransplantation, the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another.
  •  Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants. Hence, Xenograft is a graft Between individuals of different species. 
So, the correct answer is 'Between individuals of different species'.

There are minimum chances of a body rejecting a transplanted organ if the donor is a

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  1. Sibling

  2. Spouse

  3. Offspring

  4. Twin

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The maximum similarity in physiology is between twins as they arose from the same conditions and cell arrangement within the womb of the mother.

Hence, there is a minimum chance for rejecting transplanted organs due to similar immune development.
So, the correct option is 'twin'.

Tissue grafting or organ transplant in between the genetically dissimilar individuals of the same species is called

biology immunity and blood groups organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation stem cell

  1. Allogarft

  2. Xenograft

  3. Isograft

  4. Autograft

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Transplantation of cells, tissue grafting or organ transplant in between the genetically nonidentical individuals of the same species is called as allotransplant or Allograft.  
  • A graft is the transplantation of an organ or tissue to a different location, with the goal of replacing a missing or damaged organ or tissue. 
  • Grafts are typically moved without their attachments to the circulatory system and must reestablish these, in addition to the other connections and interactions with their new surrounding tissues. 

So, the correct answer is "Allograft".

During injury mast cells secrete 

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  1. Histamine

  2. Heparin

  3. Prothrombin

  4. Antibodies

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

the mast cells of injured tissue secrete histamine, which causes the surrounding blood vessels to dilate and increase the permeability. It gives local immune response and act as neurotransmitter.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Allogeneic transplants require immunosuppressant drugs because these are transplants between

biology cell biology and biotechnology organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation stem cell

  1. Genetically different members of the same species.

  2. Genetically different members of different species.

  3. Genetically similar members of the same species.

  4. Genetically similar members of the different species.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A- Allogenic transplant takes place between genetically different members of same species. Immunosuppressant drugs are used to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) which is the result of an intricate immune response following allogeneic stimuli due to allogenic transplant.

First heart transplant was performed by

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  1. William Harvey

  2. Christiaan Barnard

  3. Har Govind Khorana

  4. Walton Lillehel

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Christiaan Neethling Barnard was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant on 3 December 1967 and known as father of heart transplantation. 

Which organs of a brain dead individual can be donated?

biology cell biology and biotechnology organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation stem cell

  1. Liver

  2. Heart

  3. Eyes

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The vital organs of a brain dead person such as heart, liver, eyes, kidneys can be kept viable for few days if supported by artificial support.