Tag: excretion in other organisms

Questions Related to excretion in other organisms

Match the following w.r.t Platyhelminthes.

A) Flame Cells I. Anchorage
B) Hooks and Suckers II. Absorption
C) Regeneration III. Osmo regulation
D) Body surface IV. Planaria
biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. $A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III$

  2. $A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II$

  3. $A - III, B - II, C - III, D - I$

  4. $A - IV, B - II, C - I, D - III$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the platyhelminthes like planaria. They  function like a kidney, removing waste materials by the process of osmoregulation.

Hooks and suckers are specialized structures in parasites of the platyhelminthes like tapeworm. It helps in attachment and anchoring to the host organisms.
Planaria can be cut into pieces, and each piece can regenerate into a complete organism. Cells at the location of the wound site proliferate to form a blastema that will differentiate into new tissues and regenerate the missing parts of the piece of the cut planaria.
Increased body surface helps in more absorption in platyhelminthes.
 So the correct answer should be option B "A-III, B-I, C-IV, D -II"

Match the excretory organs listed under column I with the animals given under column II and select the correct option.

Column I(Excretory organs) Column II(Animals)
A. Nephridia (i) Hydra
B. Malpighian tubules (ii) Leech
C. Protonephridia (iii) Shark
D. Kidneys (iv) Roundworms
(v) Cockroach
biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. A-(ii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(iii)

  2. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(v)

  3. A-(v), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(iii)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

(A) Nephridia - Leech

(B) Malpighian tubules - Cockroach
(C) Protonephridia - Roundworms
(D) Kidneys - Shark
So, the correct answer is (a).

Which one of the following doesnt have a aminotelic excretory system?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. Asterias

  2. Unio

  3. Limnaea

  4. Oniscus 

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Organisms which excretes amino acids are called aminotelic. Organisms like Asterias, Uni, Limnaea etc have an aminotelic excretory system. Oniscus is a land crustacean which excretes uric acid and falls into uricotelic category.

Since Oniscus is the odd one, the correct option is 'D'.

Which one of the following does not constitute a part of single uriniferous tubule?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. Distal convoluted tubule

  2. Collecting duct

  3. Bowman's capsule

  4. Loop of Henle

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Collecting ducts are the larger tubes, each receiving the collecting tubules of several nephrons. Collecting duct does not form a part of the uriniferous tubule.

Select the correct option representing the excretory organs present in (i) earthworm , (ii) centipede , (iii) prawn , and (iv) flatworm. 

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. (i) Malpighian tubules (ii) Flame cell (iii) Nelphridia (iv) Green gland

  2. (i) Flame cell (ii)Green gland (iii) Malpighian tubules (iv) Nephridia

  3. (i) Nephridia (ii)Malpighian tubules (iii) Green gland (iv) Flame cell

  4. (i)Green gland (ii) Nephridia (iii) Flame cell (iv) Malpighian tubules

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  1. In earthworm, carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes are the main waste materials. The carbon dioxide is excreted out from the body through its moist skin by the process of diffusion. The nitrogenous wastes are excreted out of the body by special excretory organs called nephridia.
  2. In centipede, the excretory system consists of a pair of Malpighian tubules that run from the midgut to the hindgut. Waste exits the body through the anus at the posterior end.
  3. Excretory organs of Prawn are known as green glands or antennal glands. They are called green glands for their color and antennal gland for the location at the base of the second antennae.
  4. Invertebrates such as flatworms use a nephridium as their excretory organ. At the end of each blind tubule of the nephridium is a ciliated flame cell. As the fluid passes down the tubule, solutes are reabsorbed and returned to the body fluids. 
So, the correct option is '(i) Nephridia (ii)Malpighian tubules (iii) Green gland (iv) Flame cell'. 

In which one of the following option excretory organs are correctly stated against the given organism?

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. Humans - Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands

  2. Earthworm - Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal

    nephridiaic

  3. Cockroach - Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca

  4. Frog - Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Three types of nephridia function as the excretory organ in Earthworm. These three types are-
i. Septal - It is attached to the internal septa from the 15$^{th}$ to the last segment.
ii. Integumentary - It is attached to the internal lining of body wall from the 3rd segment onwards.
iii. Pharyngeal- Paired tufts of nephridia in 3$^{rd}$, 4$^{th}$ and 5$^{th}$ segments.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Earthworm-Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia.'

Identify the wrong statement.

biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of echinoderms.

  2. Excess amino acids are excreted as such in aminotelic mode of excretion.

  3. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of birds.

  4. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of Molluscs.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The major mode of excretion in birds is uricotelism. Uricotelism is the excretion of uric acid and the animals which excrete uric acid are called uricotelic. For example, birds. Uric acid crystals are non-toxic and almost insoluble in water. Hence, these can be retained in the body for a considerable time. So, the correct answer is 'Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of birds'.

Match the columns

A) Hypothalamus 1) intersensory associations
B) Limbic lobe 2) expression of emotional reactions
C) Medulla  3) urge of eating and drinking 
D) Association areas 4) gastric secretion reflex
biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. $A-2,B-3,C-4,D-1$

  2. $A-3,B-2,C-4,D-1$

  3. $A-3,B-1,C-4,D-2$

  4. $A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The limbic system is basic to motivation, emotion, and reward processes. It controls emotional expression through the hypothalamus, which has control over the body's emotional responses systems. The thalamus in the limbic system (' leopard brain') signals the brain thus we get to feel satisfaction for each mouthful of food. The acid and semi-digested fats in the duodenum trigger the enterogastricreflex – the duodenum sends inhibitory signals to the stomach by way of the enteric nervous system, and sends signals to the medulla that inhibit the vagal nuclei, thus reducing vagal stimulation of the stomach. Association cortex is the cerebral cortex outside the primary areas. It is essential for mental functions that are more complex than detecting basic dimensions of sensory stimulation, for which primary sensory areas appear to be necessary. So the correct option is 'A−2,B−3,C−4,D−1'.

Which of the following statements is correct about excretion in earthworm?
(i) Earthworm is mainly ureotelic
(ii) Septal nephridia, present on both sides of intersegmental septa of segment 15 to the last, open into intestine,
(iii) Integumentary nephridia, attached to lining of body wall of segment 3 to the last, open on the body surface.
(iv) Different types of nephridia are basically similar in structure.
(v) Nephridia regulate the volume and composition of body fluids 
biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. (i) and (iv)

  2. (iv) and (v)

  3. (i), (ii), (iii)

  4. All of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Following are the correct statements about the excretion of earthworm: 

(i) Earthworm is mainly ureotelic.
(ii) Septal nephritis, present on both the sides of intersegmental septa of segment 15 to the last, that open into the intestine.
(iii) Integumentary nephritis, attached to the lining of the body wall of segment 3 to the last, open on the body surface.

(iv) Different types of nephridia are basically similar in structure.
(v) Nephridia regulate the volume and composition of the body fluids.

So, the correct answer is 'All of these'.

Fill up the blank spaces in the table below by selecting the correct option.

Phylum/Class Excretoryorgan Circulatorysystem Respiratoryorgan
Arthropoda A B Lungs/Gills/Tracheal system
C Nephridia Closed Skin
D Metanephridia Open E
biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

  1. A-Green gland, B-Closed, C-Mollusca, D-Annelida, E-Tracheal system

  2. A-Malpighian tubule, B-Open, C-Annelida, D-Mollusca, E-Feather-like gills

  3. A-Antennary gland, B-Open, C-Porifera, D-Amphibia, E-Lungs

  4. A-Nephridia , B-Closed, C-Mollusca, D-Annelida, E-Lungs

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A - Malpighian tubule

B - Open
C - Annelida
D - Mollusca
E - Feather- like gills
So, the correct answer is (b).