Tag: bioenergy

Questions Related to bioenergy

Match and find the correct combination.

(a) Fermenting malted cereals and fruit juice (i) Clots in Blood vessels
(b) Production of large holes in Swiss cheese (ii) Digestion of sludge by bacteria and fungi resulting in emission methane and other gases
(c) Myocardial infarction (iii) Production of ethanol
(d) Biogas (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent
(v) Production of large amount of CO$ _2$
zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

  1. a-iii, b-v, c-iv, d-ii

  2. a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv

  3. a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii

  4. a-v, b-iv, c-iii, d-ii

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Identify the correct pair of characters of a bacterium which is used in the production of methane.
(i)   Recyclers of inorganic nutrients
(ii)  Present in stomach of cattle
(iii) Obtain energy from sunlight
(iv) Aerobes

zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

  1. ii, iii

  2. i, ii

  3. i, iv

  4. iii, iv

Show answer
Correct Option: B

The order of bacteria active in conversion of organic wastes into biogas is

zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

  1. Hydrolytic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Methanogenic

  2. Methanogenic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Hydrolytic

  3. Methanogenic $\rightarrow$ Hydrolytic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic

  4. Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Methanogenic $\rightarrow$ Hydrolytic

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The order of bacteria active in the conversion of organic wastes into biogas is hydrolytic, acetogenic, methanogenic. 

Hydrolytic- Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates, are broken down to soluble derivatives which are used by bacteria.

Acetogenic- Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. These bacteria convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Methanogenic- The methanogens convert the product of acetogenic step to methane and carbon dioxide. The produced gas consisting of methane, carbon dioxide, and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases is known as biogas.

So, the correct answer is 'Hydrolytic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Methanogenic'.

Biogases produced during sewage treatment are 

zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

  1. ${H} _{2}S, \,{N} _{2}, \,{CH} _{4}$

  2. ${CH} _{4}, \,{H} _2{S}, \,{CO} _{2}$

  3. ${CH} _{4}, \,{O} _{2}, \,H _2S$

  4. $H _2S, \,CH _4, \,SO _2$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Biogases produced during sewage treatment are

1.Methane (CH$ _4$)
2.Hydrogen sulfide (H$ _2$S)
3.Carbon-dioxide (CO$ _2$).
So, the correct option is 'CH$ _4$, H$ _2$S, CO$ _2$'.

Cytophaga and Cellulomonas are involved in

zoology bioenergy biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

  1. Biogas production

  2. Spoilage of textiles

  3. Curing of tea and tobacco

  4. Cheese manufacture

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacillus. Cellulomonas is a genus of Gram-positive bacillus. They have the ability to digest cellulose. They are called as cellulolytic bacteria. They are involved in biogas production. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Biogas production.'

The commonest source of bioenergy is

commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

  1. Gobar gas

  2. Charcoal

  3. Fuel wood

  4. Wood gas

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Energy plantation is

commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

  1. Growing starch/ sugar rich plants

  2. Growing latex rich plants

  3. Growing fuel wood trees

  4. Growing fruit plants

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Energy plantation is growing species of trees and shrubs which can be harvested in a short period of time and can be used for fuel. Plant material can be used as solid fuel by burning wood or they can be converted into other forms like methane by biological activities like decomposition. Also, fuel wood is renewable source of energy and doesn't release harmful pollutants in the atmosphere.
So, the correct answer is 'Growing fuel wood trees'.

Gasohol contains

commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

  1. $50-60\%$ alcohol

  2. $10-15\%$ alcohol

  3. $30-40\%$ alcohol

  4. $80-90\%$ alcohol

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Gasohol is a mixture of gasoline and alcohol (generally the composition of mixture is 9:1 for gasoline and alcohol i.e. 90% gasoline and 10% alcohol. It is used as fuel in engines. In many countries, gasohol is used as an alternative fuel in engines. The advantage of using gasohol is that there is less emission of pollutants because gasohol burns slowly and completely. However, alcohol based gasohol is expensive so it is not commonly used.
So, the correct answer is '10- 15% alcohol'.

Which one is not a petrocrop?

commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

  1. Euphorbia lathyrus

  2. Calotrophis Procera

  3. Jatropha

  4. Hardwickia binata

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Petro-crops are plants that produce latex, containing long chain hydrocarbons, which can be converted into biofuels and used as alternatives in place of petrol or other engine fuels. Euphorbia lathyrus and Calotrophis procera produce latex which is converted into biofuel that has similar composition of hydrocarbons like that of crude oil or other fuels. Jatropha seeds produce oil which is converted into biodiesel and used as an alternative for engine fuels. 
Hardwickia binata, commonly known as anjan, is a deciduous ornamental tree.
So, the correct answer is 'Hardwickia binata'.

Petroleum yielding plants belong to

commercial applications bioenergy biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development

  1. Euphorbiaceae

  2. Apocynaceae

  3. Asclepiadaceae

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D