Tag: classification of organisms

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word 'systema' which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Linnaeus used Systema Naturae as the title of his publication. The scope of systematics was later enlarged to include identification, nomenclature, and classification. Systematics takes into account evolutionary relationships between Organisms.

Binomial nomenclature was given by Carolus Linnaeus in 1757 in Book Philosophia Botanica. This system provides a name which has two components - the Generic name and the specific epithet.

Linnaeus classified the organisms in two kingdoms namely, Plantae and Animalia on the basis of the difference in the forms and constituents. These differences were based on the mode of nutrition, habitat and physical appearance. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Carlolus Linnaeus is well known for his work in binomial nomenclature. Binomial nomenclature is a naming system for the classification of species. In this, organism is given a scientific name. For example, the scientific name of human is Homo sapiens. In this, Homo is genus which includes early and modern humans and sapiens is species specific for humans

• Both John Ray and Linnaeus proposed Morphospecies concept.
  
• Morphological Species Concept characterizes a species by body shape and other structural features and is applied to asexual and sexual organisms. It differs from the modern concept of species where a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring are said to belonging to same species. 
  
• Darwin proposed the theory of biological evolution.

Taxonomy is defined as the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. Carolus Linnaeus is known as the father of taxonomy.

Artificial systems of classification were based upon morphological characters {such as habit, habitat, colour, number and shape of leaves, etc.) for grouping of organisms. They were mainly based on vegetative characters or on the androecium structure. These systems separated the closely related species since they were based only on a few characteristics.

Species Plantarum, (1753), two-volume work by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, in which he established a precise and workable two-word, or binomial, system for naming plants. This system forms the basis of modern plant taxonomy. In this master work Linnaeus described 6,000 species of plants and assigned each plant a genus name and a species name, the genus representing a group of plants, the species designating specific individuals within a given genus. Species Plantarum was the first work that consistently applied a referable system of nomenclature; it was a vast improvement over the cumbersome polynomial descriptions generally used before its publication. The first edition of Species Plantarum (with the 1754 edition of an earlier work, Genera Plantarum) has been internationally accepted as the starting point in the nomenclature of flowering plants and ferns.