Tag: features of plant and animal kingdom

Organisms of kingdom fungi have multicellular or loose tissue. In organisms of kingdom Plantae, the body organisation is tissue or organ grade whereas body organisation in kingdom Animalia is tissue or organ or organ system. In unicellular organisms, all functions like digestion, respiration and reproduction are performed by a single cell. In the complex body of multicellular animals, the same basic functions are carried out by different groups of cells in a well-organised manner. The body of a simple organism like Hydra is made of different types of cells and the number of cells in each type can be in thousands. The human body is composed of billions of cells to perform various functions. In multicellular organisms of fungi, plant and animal kingdoms, a group of similar cells perform a specific function. Such an organisation is called tissue.

The book 'Structure and Reproduction of the Algae' describing taxonomy of algae is written by Felix Eugen Fritsch FRS. He was a British biologist. He gave very comprehensive and authoritative account of classification of algae based on a variety of characters as pigmentation, stored food matter, habit, habitat and method of reproduction. 

X can be thallophytes which have an undifferentiated plant body, that is, in the form of an undivided thallus. Algae are thallophytes belonging to kingdom Plantae. Fungi belong to kingdom Fungi. Y can be pteridophytes which are seedless vascular plants and differentiated into true stern, leaves and roots. Bryophytes are simple land plants with no true roots. The plant body is thallose or foliose. Z can be angiosperms or gymnosperms since both of them have seeds. However, angiosperms have seeds covered by fruit whereas gymnosperms have naked seeds. So, the correct answer is option D. 

Bryophytes are the plants in which the life cycle has two phases gametophytic and sporophytic, alternating to each other. This phenomenon is called alternation of generation. Gametophytic phase is haploid, autotrophic, gametes(male and female) formative and responsible for the sexual reproduction. Sporophytic phase is the subsidiary phase which is diploid, heterotrophic and spore formative and responsible for the asexual reproduction. For example, Riccia, Funaria.

Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyllous autotrophic organisms. A few members are partially heterotrophic such as insectivorous plant or parasites. bladderwort and venus fly trap are examples of insectivorous plants and Cuscuta is a parasite. 

Chlorophyta is the green algae that contain the pigment chlorophyll A and chlorophyll b in the well-defined chloroplast. Plants are considered to have evolved from Chlorophyta because plants are green in color and they have chlorophyll A and chlorophyll b pigment just like the Chlorophyta family.