Tag: infectious diseases

Questions Related to infectious diseases

The most mutable virus is

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. Chicken Pox Virus

  2. $HIV$

  3. Influenza Virus

  4. Dengue Virus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Each generation of HIV (from each infected human cell) contains some percentage of variations, or mutations, from the parent virus, and HIV has much more than its proper share of such variations." In fact, it is the most mutable virus known." Until the discovery of this virus, it was commonly said that the influenza virus was the most mutable virus known because each generation changed its coat to some degree. HIV is highly mutable. Because of the virus' ability to rapidly respond to selective pressures imposed by the immune system, the population of the virus in an infected individual typically evolves so that it can evade the two major arms of the adaptive immune system; humoral (antibody mediated) and cellular (mediated by T cells) immunity.

So, the correct answer is 'HIV'.

AIDS does not spread through

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. Common syringes and needles

  2. Blood transfusion

  3. Sexual contact

  4. Sharing meals

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • HIV is spread only in certain body fluids from a person who has HIV. These fluids are blood, semen, pre-seminal fluids, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. In the United States, HIV is spread mainly by having sex or sharing injection drug equipment, such as needles, with someone who has HIV.
  • HIV doesn't spread by hugging, shaking hands, sharing toilets, sharing dishes, or closed-mouth or “social” kissing with someone who is HIV-positive.

So, the correct answer is 'Sharing meals'.

AIDS day

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. 1$^{st}$ May 

  2. 5$^{st}$ December 

  3. 31$^{st}$ June

  4. 1$^{st}$ December 

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
  • World AIDS Day, designated on 1 December every year since 1988, is an international day dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection and mourning those who have died of the disease.
  • So, the correct answer is '1st December'.

Which of the below given statements are true?

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. A person can contract AIDS due to unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person.

  2. A person can contract AIDS while getting permanent tattooing with an infected needle.

  3. A person cannot contract AIDS by donating blood to a HIV infected person

  4. All the statements are true.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

AIDS is a disorder of cell-mediated immune system of the body. AIDS is transmitted only by a contact of infected cells containing the blood of a patient with the blood of a healthy person as in :

1. Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner if there is tissue injury to permit blood contact.
2. Use of contaminated needles and syringes to inject drugs and vaccines.
3. Use of contaminated razors for shaving.
4. Use of contaminated needles for boring pina or tattooing.
5. Transfusion of infected blood. 
6. Artificial insemination.
7. Parturition from mother to baby due to rupturing of blood vessels.
AIDS is not a contagious disease. It does not spread by casual contact such as a handshake, working together, sharing meals, clothes. It is also not spread by coughing or sneezing. Even the blood donation to an infected person will not contract the disease as blood from a healthy person is going to the body of the diseased person and there is no entry of infected blood into the healthy person.
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Read the following statements regarding the HIV virus.
A. It is a type of retrovirus which has an envelope enclosing the diploid RNA genome
B. It multiplies in helper $T$ cells and produces progeny virus.
C. In the macrophages of the host, RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA
D. Reverse transcriptase becomes inactive in the host cell.
How many of the above statements are correct?

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Four

  4. Three

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

HIV is an enveloped retrovirus. Each virus particle contains two copies of an RNA genome. Hence HIV is a type of retrovirus which has an envelope enclosing the diploid RNA genome.

HIV infects white blood cells in the body’s immune system called T-helper cells. The virus attaches itself to the T-helper cell, takes control of its DNA, replicates itself and releases more HIV into the blood and produces progeny virus.
Without reverse transcriptase, the viral genome couldn't become incorporated into the host cell, and couldn't reproduce.
So, the correct option is 'Two'.

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative HIV?

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

  2. HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase

  3. HIV is envelope virus that contains two identical molecules of single stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase

  4. HIV is unenveloped retrovirus

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which of the following is not the mode of spread of AIDS?

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. Contaminated blood transfusion

  2. Vertical transmission

  3. Contaminated water and food

  4. Both (b) and (c)

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Only one of the following four ways through which AIDS can spread

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. Infected needles and syringes

  2. Through mosquito bites

  3. Looking after AIDS patient

  4. Shaking hands, coughing, sneezing, hugging

Show answer
Correct Option: A

AIDS is confirmed by:-

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. ELISA

  2. Wester

  3. Ames test

  4. North

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Correct Option: A

HIV decreases natural immunity of the body by destroying 

zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

  1. Erythrocytes

  2. Antibodies

  3. T-Lymphocytes

  4. B-Lymphocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4 cells, are a type of T cell that plays an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. HIV is a virus that attacks the CD4+ cells in the immune system. This destroys the CD4+ cells. When the number of CD4+ cells in your body is low, your immune system becomes weaker. This makes it harder to fight infections.

So, the correct answer is 'T-Lymphocytes'.