Tag: nutrient cycles

Questions Related to nutrient cycles

How many organisms In the list given below are $N _2$ fixer autotrophs?
Azotobacter, Chromobum, Azospirillum, Rhodospirillum, Rhizobium, Nitrobacter, Aulosira, Nostoc, Osallatona

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. Three

  2. Four

  3. Five 

  4. Six

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen to inorganic substances usable by plants. Example from the given list are Azetobactor, Azospirillum, Rhizobium, Nitrobactor and Nostoc.

So the correct answer is 'five'.

Which of the following is a free living aerobic non - photosynthetic nitrogen-fixer ?

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. $Rhizobium$

  2. $Azotobacter$

  3. $Azospirillum$

  4. $Nostoc$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Azotobacter is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which is used as a biofertilizer in the cultivation of most crops. Azotobacter respires aerobically, receiving energy from redox reactions, using organic compounds as electron donors. Azotobacter can use a variety of carbohydrates, alcohols, and salts of organic acids as sources of carbon. 

Rhizobium fixes nitrogen by symbiotic association. Nostoc is photosynthetic. Azospirillum is anaerobic. 
So, the correct option is 'Azotobacter'.

All of the following statements concerning the actinomycetous filamentous soil bacterium Frankia are correct except that Frankia

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. Can induce root nodules on many plant species

  2. Can fix nitrogen in the free-living state

  3. Like Rhizobium, it usually infects its host plant through root hair deformation and stimulates cell proliferation in the host's cortex

  4. Forms specialized vesicles in which the nitrogenase is protected from oxygen by a chemical barrier involving triterpene hopanoids

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Frankia is a bacterium which grows in a symbiotic association with the roots of non-leguminous plants.  It can fix atmospheric nitrogen. It cannot fix nitrogen in free-living state.

So, the correct option is 'Can fix nitrogen in free-living state'.

Bacteria involved in two-step conversion ammonia into nitrate are

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. Azotobacter and Nitrosomonas

  2. Pseudomonas and Nitrobacter

  3. Azotobacter and Achromobacter

  4. Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Nitrification is a process of conversion of ammonium ions to nitrites and nitrites to nitrates. It is a two-step process. The bacteria that carry out this process are called as nitrifying bacteria. Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrosococcus convert ammonia into nitrites. Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrococcus convert nitrites into nitrates.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.' 

Which of the following is a symbiotic nitrogen fixer?

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. Frankia

  2. Anabaena azollae

  3. Glomus

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Which gene cluster is responsible for nitrogen fixation in bacteria?

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. Nod, Nif, Nfx

  2. Nod, Nif, Fix

  3. Nod, Ndf, Nfx

  4. Ndx, Nif, Fix

  5. Ndx, Nif, nix

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen present in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia. It is essential to life because fixed inorganic nitrogen compounds are required for the biosynthesis of all nitrogen-containing compounds. This process is done with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that have Nod, Nif and Fix gene clusters responsible for nitrogen fixation.
So the correct answer is 'Nod, Nif, Fix'.

Match the columns and choose the correct option.

I II
(a) Free-living aerobic nitrogen fixers 1. Anabaena and Nostoc
(b) Anaerobic nitrogen fixers 2. Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus
(c) Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria 3. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus
(d) Denitrifying bacteria 4. Azotobacter and Beijerinckia
(e) Nitrifying bacteria 5. Rhodospirillum
zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. a - 4, b - 5, c - 1, d - 2, e - 3 

  2. a - 5, b - 4, c - 1, d - 3, e - 2

  3. a - 4, b - 5, c - 2, d - 3, e - 1

  4. a - 4, b - 3, c - 1, d - 2, e - 5

  5. a - 4, b - 5, c - 3, d - 2, e - 1

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
a) Free-living aerobic nitrogen fixers - Azotobacter and Beijernikia
b) Anaerobic nitrogen fixers - Rhodospirillum
c) Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria - Anabaena and Nostoc
d) Denitrifying bacteria - Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus
e) Nitrifying bacteria - Nitrosomonas and Nitosococcus
So the correct answer is 'a-4, b-5, c-1, d-2, e-3'

Which one helps in absorption of phosphorus from soil by plants?

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. Frankia

  2. Anabaena

  3. Glomus

  4. Rhizobium

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Frankia, Anabaena and Rhizobium are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that absorbs nitrogen from the soil. Glomus is a myccorhizal fungi. The fungal symbiont in these associations absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C). 

Which of the following is the function of nitrifying bacteria?

zoology bio-geo chemical cycles in nature nitrogen cycle biogeochemical cycles - gaseous nutrient cycles

  1. Oxidise $NH _3$ to $NO^- _3$

  2. Oxidise $NH _3$ to $NH^+ _4$

  3. Convert $NO^- _3$ to $NH _3$

  4. Convert $NO^- _3$ to $N _2$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Nitrifying bacteria is an aerobic bacteria that use inorganic chemicals as an energy source. They are important in the nitrogen cycle as converters of soil ammonia to nitrates by the process of oxidation.
So the correct answer is 'oxidise NH$ _3$ to NO$ _3$-'.

Which one of the following is not one of the three aspects studied in biogeochemical cycling?

botany energy flow in an ecosystem biogeochemical cycle nutrient cycles species, communities and ecosystems

  1. The nature and size of natural reservoir

  2. The rate of movement between reservoirs

  3. Interaction between different biogeochemical cycles

  4. Creation of their own biogeochemical cycles by new species

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The cyclic movement of the elements from the abiotic system to the biotic system and back again is the biogeochemical cycle. These chemicals form the compounds of food, so these are also known as nutrient cycles.
Some of the important biogeochemical cycles are carbon cycle, Oxygen cycle nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus cycle.
Following aspect are studied in biogeochemical cycling-
The nature and size of the natural reservoir
The rate of movement between reservoirs
The interaction between different biogeochemical cycles
The correct option is the 'creation of their own biogeochemical cycles by new species'