Tag: application of biotechnology in medicine

Questions Related to application of biotechnology in medicine

Identify the wrong statement with reference to the structure of human insulin :

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Insulin is synthesised as a pre-hormone which contains an extra stretch called C-peptide

  2. A and B chains are combined by disulphide bonds to form humulin

  3. Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains

  4. In these, chain A is made up of 30 amino acids and chain B is made up of 21 amino acids

Show answer
Correct Option: D

What is the advantage of clinical use of humulin over use of conventional ox or pig insulin __________________.

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. It does not cause immunological problems

  2. It is cheaper for the patient

  3. It is produced by E. coli in our intestine

  4. There is no advantage

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Find out the wrong statement :

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Human protein used to treat emphysema is $\alpha$-1-antitrypsin.

  2. Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

  3. Rosie, the first transgenic cow produced human protein enriched milk.

  4. Cry Ab endotoxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against corn borers.

  5. Genetically modified bacterium used as biopesticide is Bacillus thuringiensis.

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Which of the following companies started selling $Humulin$  in the year 1983?

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Ell Lilly

  2. Genetech

  3. GEAC

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coil to produce insulin and chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains A, B, and C.
(ii) C-polypeptide chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids and arranged in two polypeptide chains-A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S-S linkage.

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (iii) and (iv)

  3. (iv) and (v)

  4. (iii), (iv) and (v)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains: A, having 21 amino acids and B, with 30 amino acids. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide bridges. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide briges. The hormone develops from a storage product called pronsulin. Proinsulin has three chains: A, B and C, C-chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
So, the correct answer is '(iv) and (v)'.

Insulin is a/an.

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Polysaccharide

  2. Protein

  3. Amino acid derivative

  4. Lipid

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Insulin is a large popylpeptide hormone and is insoluble in lipids, therefore, it cannot enter the target cell. It acts at the cell surface. It operates through extracellular membrane bound receptor, a heterotetrameric protein (extrinsic protein) on the target cell.

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of 

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Mycobacterium

  2. Rhizobium

  3. Saccharomyces

  4. Escherichia

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coil to produce insulin and chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

__________ is a globular protein of $\sim 6\, kDa$ consisting of $51$ amino acids, arranged in $2$ polypeptide chains held together by disulphide bridge.

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Insulin

  2. Keratin

  3. Glucagon

  4. Fibrinogen

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Insulin is composed of two peptide chains referred to as the A chain and B chain. A and B chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds, and an additional disulfide is formed within the A chain. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain of 30 amino acids.

Although the amino acid sequence of insulin varies among species, certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved, including the positions of the three disulfide bonds, both ends of the A chain and the C-terminal residues of the B chain. These similarities in the amino acid sequence of insulin lead to a three dimensional conformation of insulin that is very similar among species, and insulin from one animal is very likely biologically active in other species. Indeed, pig insulin has been widely used to treat human patients.

So the correct option is 'Insulin'.

Pick up correct matching set of scientists in field of biotechnology.

   List I    List II
 A  Cohen  1  Structure of insulin
 B  Sharpey-Schafer  2  Biofuel cells
 C  F. Sanger  3  Established bacterial gene banks
 D  V. B. D. Skermman  4  Totipotency in plants
     5  Coined insulin
zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. A- 2, B- 5, C- 1, D- 3

  2. A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 4

  3. A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 2

  4. A- 2, B- 1, C- 5, D- 3

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A biofuel uses living organisms to produce electricity. Biofuel cell is the cell that uses the enzymatic reaction to produce electricity. It was given by the Cohen in 1931.
Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer was an English physiologist.
He is regarded as a founder of endocrinology. Schafer coined the word "insulin" after theorising that a single substance from the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 was awarded to Frederick Sanger "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin".
V.B.D. Skermman established bacterial gene banks.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

One important achievement of genetic engineering has been the production of

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Interferon

  2. Human insulin

  3. Cephalosporin

  4. Vinoblastine

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Genetic engineering, also called as genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. Human insulin is the name which describes synthetic insulin which is laboratory grown to mimic the insulin in humans. Human insulin is laboratory created by growing insulin proteins within E. coli bacteria (Escherichia coli). In the production of human insulin by bacteria, the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. The mutant bacteria multiply forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.