Tag: theory of natural selection

Questions Related to theory of natural selection

Which of the following could not be considered as an evidence of evolution?

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. The structural homology between the forearms of bats and humans

  2. The DNA sequence of the cytochrome-$c$ gene for bats and birds

  3. The dorsal nerve cord of crayfish and birds

  4. Fossils of dinosaurs

  5. A wasp embedded in amber

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
In the case of the English peppered moth, which of the following occurred ?

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. Bird predation was probably an important factor in natural selection

  2. Soot incorporated into the moths resulted in industrial melanism

  3. Dark moths were unknown before pollution

  4. Natural selection produced new genes adapted to the darkened landscape

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In Industrial melanism, refers to the evolution of dark body colors in animal species that live in habitats blackened by industrial soot. The phenomenon has been documented in numerous species that hide from predators by blending in with their backgrounds. Birds play an important factor in natural selection.

So correct answer is A, Bird predation was probably an important factor in natural selection.

The endosymbiont theory explains all of the following except

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. The similar size that mitochondria and chloroplasts share

  2. The presence of ribosomes in mitochondria

  3. The presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

  4. The presence of a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer in chloroplasts

  5. The presence of membrane proteins on prokaryote cell membrane

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:
Endosymbiotic theory is a evolutionary theory which explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms.
Evidences of endosymbiotic theory are:
1. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are double membrane bound cell organelles. The inner membrane probably evolved from the plasma membrane of engulfed bacterium and outer membrane from the plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell.
2. Almost similar size of mitochondria and chloroplast and bacteria and their ribosomes.
3. Cristae of mitochondria resemble the folded membranes is groups of bacteria.
4. Mitochondrion and chloroplast both have circular DNA similar to those of bacterial DNA.
Hence, endosymbiotic theory doesn't explain the presence of membrane proteins on prokaryote cell membrane.
So, the correct answer is 'The presence of membrane proteins on prokaryote cell membrane'.

The study of homologous structures in mature organisms provides evidence for the evolutionary relationships among certain groups of organisms. Which field of study includes this evidence of evolution?

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. Comparative cytology

  2. Biochemistry

  3. Geology

  4. Comparative anatomy

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Comparative cytology is the field of study involving looking at similarities in different organism's cells. 

Biochemistry compares DNA and proteins made from DNA. 
Geology is the study of the Earth. 
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). The study of homologous structures in mature organisms provides evidence for the evolutionary relationships among certain groups of organisms, which comes under comparative anatomy. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Organic evolution is the process by which complex organisms gave rise to simple inorganic materials in course of time

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Organic evolution is the process by which changes in the genetic composition of populations of organisms occur in response to environmental changes.

So, the given statement is false

What's the difference between genetic drift and change due to natural selection?

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. Genetic drift does not require the presence of variation.

  2. Genetic drift does not involve competition between members of a species.

  3. Genetic drift never occurs in nature, natural selection does.

  4. There is no difference.

Show answer
Correct Option: B

State whether the following statements are true or false .
Osmosis is concerned with the movement of water only and cannot directly affect the movement of dissolved substances into the roots and through the plant.

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Osmosis is the movement of solvent from its higher concentration to its lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane. It does not affect the solute particles and does not facilitate their movements. Thus osmosis does not affect the movement of dissolved substances into roots and through the plant.


So the correct answer is 'True'

State whether the following statements are true or false .
In a fully turgid cell, the wall pressure would be zero.

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In a fully turgid cell, water diffuses into the cell causing the cytoplasm to build up pressure against the wall. This pressure is called turgor pressure.

Wall pressure is the pressure exerted on the contents of a plant cell by the cell wall that in equal in force and opposite in direction to turgor pressure.
Therefore the wall pressure in a fully turgid cell will be maximum.
So, the given statement is false.

State whether the following statements are true or false .
DPD of pure water is zero.

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DPD or diffusion pressure deficit is the difference in the diffusion pressure of a solution and a pure solvent when both are subjected to the same atmospheric pressure. Since pure solvent has no dissolved solutes in it, therefore it will have maximum diffusion pressure and zero DPD.

So, the given statement is true.

Evolution of diversified species due to environmental changes is called as

biology selection and evolution theory of natural selection natural selection evidence for evolution

  1. Divergent evolution

  2. Convergent evolution

  3. Evolutionary inertia

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which blocks the gene flow among the distinct populations allowing differentiated fixation of characteristics through genetic drift and natural selection. Primarily diffusion, the basis of molecular division, can be seen in some higher-level characters of structure and function that are readily observable in organisms. For example, the vertebrate limb is one example of divergent evolution. The limb in many different species has a common origin, but has diverged somewhat in overall structure and function.