Tag: changes in body during adolescence

Questions Related to changes in body during adolescence

Identify the mis-matched pair.

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Thyroid gland: Thyroxine

  2. Ovary: Estrogen

  3. Pancreas: Auxin

  4. Adrenal medulla: Adrenaline

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

a) Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone which targets all tissues and stimulates metabolic rate, growth, and development. 

b) Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted by developing follicles in the ovary. It serves to stimulate the growth of the uterus and the vagina, is necessary for egg maturation as well as for the development of the secondary sex characteristics in females. 
c) The pancreas is a large organ present in the abdomen and serves as both endocrine and exocrine organ. The endocrine parts of the pancreas are islets of Langerhans that produce and secrete insulin and glucagon hormones. Auxin is a plant growth hormone. 
d) Adrenaline is an emergency hormone secreted by adrenal medulla under an emergency condition to prepare the body for flight or fight response. 

Thus, option C is the mismatched pair.

Graafian follicle is found in.

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Testes of rabbit

  2. Thyroid of rabbit

  3. Ovary of frog

  4. Ovary of rabbit

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characters of female is 

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Progesterone

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Estrogen

  4. Andogen

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
B. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary and helps in the contraction of uterus during childbirth and also stimulates release of milk from mammary glands i.e. lactation.
C. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs and secondary sexual characters.
D. Androgen is a sexocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex. It stimulates the deposition of protein in muscles and nitrogen retention in males.
So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.

Female sex hormone is 

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Estrogen

  2. Androgen

  3. Insulin

  4. Adrenaline

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs.
B. Androgen is a sexocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex. It stimulates the deposition of protein in muscles and nitrogen retention in males.
C. Insulin is secreted from the ββ-cells of islet of Langerhans and regulates blood glucose levels.
D. Adrenaline, also known as emergency hormone, is secreted from the adrenal medulla. This hormone is associated with maintenance of homeostasis in body and is secreted in response to any kind of stress or emergency in the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.

Grown up individual may lack sexual traits due to

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Castration

  2. Decreased secretion of sex hormones

  3. Excess secretion of sex hormones

  4. Glandular disease

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Sexual characters in males and females develop due to sex hormones which are testosterone in males and oestrogen in females. Testosterone is secreted from Leydig's cells in testis while oestrogen is secreted from ovarian follicles in females. These sex hormones are steroid hormones and regulate various sexual characters and development of secondary sex organs. A decreased secretion of sex hormones will lead to underdeveloped sexual traits.
So, the correct answer is 'Decreased secretion of sex hormones'.

Ovarian hormones are usually

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Proteinaceous

  2. Steroids

  3. Amines

  4. Modified amino acids

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Different hormones have different chemical nature depending on the molecules they are made up of.
A. Proteinaceous hormones are peptide hormones made up of proteins.
B. Steroids hormones are derived from cholesterol. These hormones are produced in the form of lipids.
C. Amines are the hormones which are amino acid derivatives.
D. Some hormones are formed by modification of amino acids. 
Ovarian hormones are steroids. They are derived from cholesterol. For example, progesterone and oestrogen.
So, the correct answer is 'Steroids'.

Due to deficiency of which hormone, bones becomes weak in female?

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. ACTH

  2. TSH

  3. Progesterone

  4. Oestrogen

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Osteoporosis (fragile or weak bones) is very common in women during their menopause because of the depletion of the oestrogen levels in their blood. Oestrogen is a sex hormone which is important for female bone health because it promotes the activity of osteoblasts, which are cells involved in the formation of bone. Thus, the correct option is D.

If both the ovaries are removed from rat, then which of the following hormone is decreased in the blood?
biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Oxytocin

  2. Prolactin

  3. Estrogen

  4. Gonadotropin releasing factor

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary and helps in the contraction of uterus during childbirth and also stimulates release of milk from mammary glands i.e. lactation.
B. Prolactin, also known as lactogenic hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. This hormones stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands during pregnancy.
C. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs.
D. Gonadotropin releasing factor or hormone (GnRH) is secreted from hypothalamus and stimulates the release of Luteinizing hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.
Hence, if both the ovaries are removed from rat, then estrogen is decreased in the blood.
So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.

Due to deficiency of which hormone, bones become weak in females?

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. Progesterone

  2. TSH

  3. ACTH

  4. Oestrogen

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Oestrogen is a female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles. It stimulates development of secondary sex organs and sexual characters in females. After menopause, oestrogen secretion is decreased in females which leads to osteoporosis. It is a condition in which bones become weak and brittle due to dissolution of calcium. Due to oestrogen deficiency, osteoclasts i.e. cells that breakdown bones, stay for longer period of time in body and hence cause dissolution of calcium from the bones. Due to this, bones become weak and fragile.
So, the correct answer is 'Oestrogen'

Example of sex hormones secreted by ovary is

biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

  1. FSH and LH

  2. FSH, LH and progesterone

  3. Progesterone and oestrogen

  4. FSH, LH, progesterone and oestrogen

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

At puberty, hypothalamus releases gonadotrohphin releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland. the latter secrete the FSH/LH from the anterior pituitary gland.

FSH- Stimulate the growth of graffian follicle, maturation of ovum, secretion of estrogen by follicle cells. Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

LH- The luteinising hormone stimulates release of ovum( ovulation), formation of corpus luteum in the empty follicle and secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum. Progesterone suspends ovulation during pregnancy, maintains foetal connection with the uterine wall and controls development of foetus in the uterus. If fertilization fails, means no pregnancy so progesterone level decreases to restart the process of ovulation.

So, the correct answer is 'Progesterone and estrogen'.